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Nutrient retention by predators undermines predator coexistence on one prey
Theoretical Ecology ( IF 1.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-19 , DOI: 10.1007/s12080-019-00440-y
Toni Klauschies , Ursula Gaedke

Contemporary theory of predator coexistence through relative non-linearity in their functional responses strongly relies on the Rosenzweig and MacArthur (1963) equations in which the (autotrophic) prey exhibits logistic growth in the absence of the predators. This implies that the prey is limited by a resource such as light or space, which availability is independent of the predators. This assumption does not hold under nutrient limitation where both prey and predators bind resources such as nitrogen and phosphorus in their biomass. Furthermore, the prey’s resource uptake rate is assumed to be linear and the predator-prey system is considered to be closed. All these assumptions are unrealistic for many natural systems. Here, we show that nutrient retention in predator biomass strongly hampers the coexistence of two predators on one prey because it stabilizes the dynamics. In contrast, a non-linear resource uptake rate of the prey slightly promotes predator coexistence. Our study highlights that predator coexistence does depend not only on differences in the curvature of their functional responses but also on the type of resource constraining the growth of their prey. This has far-reaching consequences for the relative importance of fluctuation-dependent and fluctuation-independent mechanisms of species coexistence in natural systems where autotrophs experience light or nutrient limitation.

中文翻译:

捕食者对养分的保留破坏了捕食者与一个猎物的共存。

当代的掠食者通过其功能响应中的相对非线性共存理论,强烈依赖于Rosenzweig和MacArthur(1963)方程,其中(自养)猎物在没有捕食者的情况下表现出逻辑增长。这意味着猎物受到诸如光或空间之类的资源的限制,该资源的可用性与掠食者无关。当猎物和掠食者都将其生物量中的氮和磷等资源结合在一起时,这种假设就不受养分限制。此外,假定猎物的资源吸收率是线性的,并且捕食者-猎物系统被认为是封闭的。所有这些假设对于许多自然系统都是不现实的。这里,我们表明,捕食者生物量中的养分保留强烈阻碍了两个捕食者在一个猎物上的共存,因为它稳定了动力学。相反,猎物的非线性资源吸收率略微促进了捕食者的共存。我们的研究强调,捕食者共存不仅取决于其功能反应的曲率差异,还取决于制约其猎物生长的资源类型。对于自养生物经历光或养分限制的自然系统中,物种共存的依赖于波动和依赖于波动的机制的相对重要性具有深远的影响。我们的研究强调,捕食者共存不仅取决于其功能反应的曲率差异,还取决于制约其猎物生长的资源类型。对于自养生物经历光或养分限制的自然系统中,物种共存的依赖于波动和依赖于波动的机制的相对重要性具有深远的影响。我们的研究强调,捕食者共存不仅取决于其功能反应的曲率差异,还取决于制约其猎物生长的资源类型。对于自养生物经历光或养分限制的自然系统中,物种共存的依赖于波动和依赖于波动的机制的相对重要性具有深远的影响。
更新日期:2019-10-19
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