The introduction of gaseous atmospheres in transmission electron microscopy offers the possibility of studying materials in situ under chemically relevant environments. The presence of a gas environment can degrade the resolution. Surprisingly, this phenomenon has been shown to depend on the electron-dose-rate. In this article, we demonstrate that both the total and areal electron-dose-rates work as descriptors for the dose-rate-dependent resolution and are related through the illumination area. Furthermore, the resolution degradation was observed to occur gradually over time after initializing the illumination of the sample and gas by the electron beam. The resolution was also observed to be sensitive to the electrical conductivity of the sample. These observations can be explained by a charge buildup over the electron-illuminated sample area, caused by the beam–gas–sample interaction, and by a subsequent sample motion induced by electrical capacitance in the sample.

中文翻译：

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气体环境，电子剂量率和样品对透射电子显微镜中图像分辨率的影响

在透射电子显微镜中引入气态气氛提供了在化学相关环境下原位研究材料的可能性。气体环境的存在会降低分辨率。出人意料的是，这种现象已显示出取决于电子剂量率。在本文中，我们证明了总电子剂量率和面积电子剂量率都可作为剂量率依赖性分辨率的描述子，并通过照明区域相关。此外，观察到在通过电子束初始化样品和气体的照明之后，随着时间的流逝分辨率逐渐降低。还观察到分辨率对样品的电导率敏感。这些观察结果可以通过电子照射的样品区域上的电荷积累来解释，