Three online coupled chemical transport model simulations were analyzed for three summer months of 2015 in Poland. One of them was run with default emission inventory, the other two with NOx and VOC emissions reduced by 30%, respectively. Obtained ozone concentrations were evaluated with data from air quality measurement stations and ozone sensitivity to precursor emissions was estimated by ozone concentration differences between simulations and with the use of indicator ratios. They were calculated based on modeled mixing ratios of ozone, total reactive nitrogen and its components, nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The results show that the model overestimates ozone concentrations with the largest errors in the morning and evening, which is primarily related to the way vertical mixing is resolved by the model. Better model performance for ozone is achieved in rural than urban environment, as PBL and mixing mechanisms play more significant role in urban areas. Modeled ozone shows mixed sensitivity to precursor concentrations, similarly to other European regions, but indicator ratios have different values than are found in literature, particularly H2O2/HNO3 is larger than in southern Europe. However, indicator ratios often differ between locations and transition values need to be established individually for a given region.

中文翻译：

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波兰夏季前体排放对地面臭氧浓度的影响

对波兰 2015 年三个夏季月份的三个在线耦合化学传输模型模拟进行了分析。其中一个使用默认排放清单运行，另外两个运行的 NOx 和 VOC 排放量分别减少了 30%。使用来自空气质量测量站的数据评估获得的臭氧浓度，并通过模拟之间的臭氧浓度差异和使用指标比率估计臭氧对前体排放的敏感性。它们是根据臭氧、总活性氮及其组分、硝酸和过氧化氢的模拟混合比计算得出的。结果表明，模型高估臭氧浓度，早晚误差最大，这主要与模型解析垂直混合的方式有关。由于 PBL 和混合机制在城市地区发挥更重要的作用，因此在农村环境中可以获得比城市环境更好的臭氧模型性能。模拟臭氧显示出对前体浓度的混合敏感性，与其他欧洲地区类似，但指标比率的值与文献中发现的值不同，特别是 H2O2/HNO3 比南欧更大。然而，位置之间的指标比率通常不同，并且需要为给定区域单独建立过渡值。特别是 H2O2/HNO3 比南欧大。然而，位置之间的指标比率通常不同，并且需要为给定区域单独建立过渡值。特别是 H2O2/HNO3 比南欧大。然而，位置之间的指标比率通常不同，并且需要为给定区域单独建立过渡值。