Purpose of Review

Climate change affects populations of forest insect pests in a number of ways. We reviewed the most recent literature (2013–2017) on this subject including previous reviews on the topic. We provide a comprehensive discussion of the subject, with special attention to insect range expansion, insect abundance, impacts on forest ecosystems, and effects on forest insect communities. We considered forest insects according to their major guilds and biomes.

Recent Findings

Effects of climate change on forest insects are demonstrated for a number of species and guilds, although generalizations of results available so far are difficult because of species-specific responses to climate change. In addition, disentangling direct and indirect effects of climate change is complex due to the large number of variables affected. Modeling based on climate projections is useful when combined with mechanistic explanations.

Summary

Expansion of either the true range or the outbreak range is observed in several model species/groups of major insect guilds in boreal and temperate biomes. Mechanistic explanations are provided for a few species and are mainly based on increase in winter temperatures. In relation to insect abundance, climate change can either promote outbreaks or disrupt trophic interactions and decrease the severity of outbreaks. There is good evidence that some recent outbreaks of bark beetles and defoliating insects are influenced by climate change and are having a large impact on ecosystems as well as on communities of forest insects.

中文翻译：

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森林昆虫与气候变化

审查目的

气候变化以多种方式影响森林虫害的种群。我们回顾了有关该主题的最新文献（2013–2017），包括对该主题的先前评论。我们对该主题进行了全面的讨论，并特别关注昆虫的范围扩展，昆虫的丰度，对森林生态系统的影响以及对森林昆虫群落的影响。我们根据森林昆虫的主要行会和生物群落来考虑它们。

最近的发现

尽管许多物种和行会都证明了气候变化对森林昆虫的影响，但是由于种对气候变化的特定反应，目前很难对结果进行概括。此外，由于受众多变量影响，消除气候变化的直接和间接影响十分复杂。当结合机械解释时，基于气候预测的建模将非常有用。

概要

在北方和温带生物群落的几种主要昆虫行会的模型物种/群体中，观察到真实范围或爆发范围的扩大。提供了一些物种的机械解释，主要是基于冬季温度的升高。关于昆虫的丰度，气候变化可以促进爆发或破坏营养相互作用并降低爆发的严重性。有充分的证据表明，最近一些树皮甲虫和落叶昆虫的暴发受到气候变化的影响，并且对生态系统和森林昆虫群落产生巨大影响。