Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is an alternative method of drug administration for drugs whose delivery by conventional oral, topical, intravenous and intramuscular methods is of limited efficacy. Recent advances in TDD involve the use of nanoparticles (NPs), which exhibit a great potential to enhance drug permeation across the skin. NPs can also provide controlled release, the ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs and reduce side effects, and when used in a TDD method they are also non-invasive. Another developing technology for TDD employs skin patches containing microneedles. Microneedles represent a painless and minimally invasive method of TDD in which micron-sized pores are created in the epidermis to allow delivery of drugs to the blood vessels present in the dermal layer of the skin. New researches have focussed on combining different TDD approaches to overcome previous constraints of drug delivery via conventional methods.

透皮给药 (TDD) 是一种替代药物给药方法，用于通过常规口服、局部、静脉和肌肉内方法给药效果有限的药物。TDD 的最新进展涉及纳米颗粒 (NPs) 的使用，纳米颗粒显示出增强药物在皮肤上的渗透的巨大潜力。NPs 还可以提供控制释放，能够提供亲水性和疏水性药物并减少副作用，并且当用于 TDD 方法时，它们也是非侵入性的。TDD 的另一项开发技术采用含有微针的皮肤贴片。微针是一种无痛且微创的 TDD 方法，其中在表皮中形成微米级的孔，以允许将药物输送到皮肤真皮层中的血管。通过常规方法。