BackgroundSteel is an important material in modern economies but responsible, nevertheless, for substantial environmental impacts throughout its supply chain. During the last couple of decades, this industry has addressed its impacts more incisively with the support of modelling and assessment tools.MethodologyThis article used the European steel industry as a case study to explore the potential benefits of integrating life cycle analysis (LCA) into system dynamics (SD) under the scopes of circular economy and industrial ecology. The goal was to explore if this integration could not only reproduce results generated separately by LCA and SD, but also to provide additional support for decision- and policy-making on the biophysical aspects of long-term materials sourcing. Unlike previous studies focused on methodological exchanges between the two, the entire LCA methodology was brought into the SD modelling environment, following ILCD and ISO guidelines and standards.ResultsThe results indicated that integrating LCA into SD is feasible and capable of contributing to both in different levels, supporting discussions on raw material scarcity and self-sufficiency, and resource ownership retention.ConclusionGiven continued effort is put into supporting the use of environmental impact indicators, this approach has potential to interest policy-makers and industrial decision-makers alike.

中文翻译：

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将生命周期分析整合到系统动力学中：以欧洲钢铁为例

背景钢铁是现代经济中的一种重要材料，但对整个供应链中的重大环境影响负有责任。在过去的几十年中，该行业在建模和评估工具的支持下更加敏锐地解决了其影响。 方法本文以欧洲钢铁行业为案例研究，探讨将生命周期分析 (LCA) 集成到系统中的潜在好处循环经济和产业生态学范畴下的动力学（SD）。目标是探索这种整合是否不仅可以重现 LCA 和 SD 分别产生的结果，而且还可以为长期材料采购的生物物理方面的决策和政策制定提供额外的支持。与以往关注两者方法论交流的研究不同，