Flexible spatial memory, such as “place” learning, is an important adaptation to assist successful foraging and to avoid predation and is thought to be more adaptive than response learning which requires a consistent start point. Place learning has been found in many taxonomic groups, including a number of species of fish. Surprisingly, a recent study has shown that zebrafish (Danio rerio), a common species used in cognitive research, demonstrated no significant preference for the adoption of either a place or a response strategy during a plus maze task. That being said, a growing body of research has been looking at how group living influences navigational decisions in animals. This study aims to see how zebrafish, a shoaling species, differ in their ability to perform a maze task when learning in a shoal and as an individual. Results suggest that shoals of zebrafish are able to learn to perform the spatial memory task in a significantly shorter time than individual fish and appear to show place learning when tested from a novel start point. Interestingly, zebrafish who were trained first in a shoal but were then tested as individuals, did not show the same level of consistency in their choice of navigation strategy. These findings suggest that shoaling influences navigation behaviour, resulting in faster group learning and convergence on one spatial memory strategy, but does not facilitate the transfer of the strategy learned to individuals within the shoal.

中文翻译：

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滩涂促进了反应学习之上的位置，但并没有促进斑马鱼对这种策略的个人学习（Danio rerio）

灵活的空间记忆（例如“位置”学习）是重要的适应手段，可帮助成功觅食并避免掠食，并且被认为比需要一致起点的响应学习更具适应性。在许多分类学类别中都发现了场所学习，包括许多鱼类。令人惊讶的是，最近的一项研究表明，在认知研究中使用的常见物种斑马鱼（Danio rerio）没有表现出对在迷宫任务中采用地点或应对策略的明显偏好。话虽如此，越来越多的研究一直在研究群体生活如何影响动物的航行决策。这项研究旨在了解斑马鱼（浅滩物种）在浅滩和作为个体学习时在执行迷宫任务的能力上有何不同。结果表明，斑马鱼的浅滩能够学会在比单个鱼类短得多的时间内完成空间记忆任务，并且从一个新的起点进行测试时似乎表现出了地方学习。有趣的是，斑马鱼先经过浅滩训练，然后作为个体进行测试，但在选择航行策略时并没有表现出相同的一致性。这些发现表明，浅滩影响导航行为，导致较快的群体学习和一种空间记忆策略的融合，但不利于将所学的策略转移到浅滩中的个人。斑马鱼先经过浅滩训练，然后再作为个体进行测试，但在选择航行策略时并没有表现出相同的一致性。这些发现表明，浅滩影响导航行为，导致较快的群体学习和一种空间记忆策略的融合，但不利于将所学的策略转移到浅滩中的个人。斑马鱼先经过浅滩训练，然后再作为个体进行测试，但在选择航行策略时并没有表现出相同的一致性。这些发现表明，浅滩影响导航行为，导致较快的群体学习和一种空间记忆策略的融合，但不利于将所学的策略转移到浅滩中的个人。