Chromosomes have a complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture comprising A/B compartments, topologically associating domains and promoter–enhancer interactions. At all these levels, the 3D genome has functional consequences for gene transcription and therefore for cellular identity. The development and activation of lymphocytes involves strict control of gene expression by transcription factors (TFs) operating in a three-dimensionally organized chromatin landscape. As lymphocytes are indispensable for tissue homeostasis and pathogen defense, and aberrant lymphocyte activity is involved in a wide range of human morbidities, acquiring an in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control lymphocyte identity is highly relevant. Here we review current knowledge of the interplay between 3D genome organization and transcriptional control during B and T lymphocyte development and antigen-dependent activation, placing special emphasis on the role of TFs.

中文翻译：

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淋巴细胞发育和激活过程中的3D基因组组织。

染色体具有复杂的三维（3D）结构，包括A / B区室，拓扑关联的域和启动子-增强子相互作用。在所有这些级别上，3D基因组对基因转录以及细胞身份具有功能性后果。淋巴细胞的发育和激活涉及通过在三维组织的染色质景观中运行的转录因子（TF）严格控制基因表达。由于淋巴细胞对于组织动态平衡和病原体防御是必不可少的，并且异常的淋巴细胞活性与广泛的人类发病率有关，因此深入了解控制淋巴细胞身份的分子机制非常重要。