Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, and traditional pharmaceutical and surgical interventions delay the progression of CVDs. Recently, stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising candidate for treating and preventing heart failure. Increasing efforts have been devoted towards the exploration and identification of potential cell types to repair the injured heart, such as skeletal myoblasts, embryonic, induced pluripotent, bone marrowderived, mesenchymal, and resident cardiac stem cells. In addition, direct reprogramming of cardiac fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes represents a novel approach to cardiac regeneration. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in the use of various cell types for cardiac regeneration and discuss major challenges and future perspectives of cell-based therapies for CVDs.

心血管疾病 (CVD) 是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因，而传统的药物和手术干预会延缓 CVD 的进展。最近，干细胞疗法已成为治疗和预防心力衰竭的有希望的候选者。越来越多的努力致力于探索和鉴定修复受伤心脏的潜在细胞类型，例如骨骼成肌细胞、胚胎、诱导多能细胞、骨髓来源、间充质和常驻心脏干细胞。此外，将心脏成纤维细胞直接重编程为心肌细胞代表了一种新的心脏再生方法。在此处，