Abstract

The paper reviews observations of modern crustal movements (MCMs) using global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) at nuclear facilities (NF). In 1995–2002, observations were conducted at geodynamic test sites of the Novovoronezh, Kalinin, and Rostov NPPs. Following the results of GNSS observations, a conclusion was drawn about the stability of the Kalinin NPP test site: it was recommended that design solutions take into account deformation of the Earth’s surface in the north–south direction. The creation of a geodynamic test site for observing the activity of the Rostov NPP area based on GPS technology promoted the passage of a state environmental impact assessment during the launch of the first NPP reactor in 2001. In the construction area of Russia’s first deep-level radioactive waste disposal site (Krasnoyarsk krai), a geodynamic test site was created to observe MCMs, and a methodology was developed for processing and interpreting geodynamic observation data taking into account the large-scale spatiotemporal effect. For the first time, for the area at the junction of the largest tectonic structures—the Siberian Platform and the West Siberian Plate—the rates of horizontal crustal deformations were instrumentally measured and the cyclical nature of the geodynamic regime was established. Observations made in 2010–2016 showed that in 2010–2013, maximum changes in distances between observation points did not exceed 10 mm/year. In 2013–2014, the tectonic regime was activated, manifested by a change in the signs of compressional and extensional strain of the upper crust on the right and left banks of the Yenisei River. The annual rates of maximum change in the lengths of baselines during the activation period reached ±18 mm. The standard horizontal and vertical errors for 2012–2016 were 3.0–3.5 and 6.0–7.4 mm, respectively. To take into account the scale factor, methodological approaches to interpreting the observational data were developed, which made it possible to assess the extent of impact of MCMs on the stability of the natural insulating properties of rock massifs while substantiating the geoecological safety of radioactive waste disposal. Based on the observation results, the boundary conditions for modeling the stress–strain state of a rock massif were established and the site of the GKhK Mining and Chemical Combine was geodynamically zoned.

中文翻译：

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核设施空间大地测量观测的经验

摘要

本文回顾了在核设施（NF）使用全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）对现代地壳运动（MCM）的观测。在1995–2002年期间，在Novovoronezh，Kalinin和Rostov核电厂的地球动力学试验场进行了观测。根据GNSS观测的结果，得出了关于Kalinin NPP测试地点的稳定性的结论：建议设计解决方案考虑到地球表面在南北方向上的变形。在2001年首座NPP反应堆发射期间，建立了一个基于GPS技术的观测罗斯托夫NPP地区活动的地球动力学试验场，从而促进了国家环境影响评估的通过。放射性废物处置场（Krasnoyarsk krai），建立了一个地球动力学测试站点来观测多边测量机，并考虑到大规模的时空效应，开发了一种处理和解释地球动力学观测数据的方法。对于最大的构造构造交界处的区域（西伯利亚平台和西西伯利亚板块），这是第一次用仪器测量了地壳水平变形的速率，并建立了地球动力学机制的周期性。2010-2016年的观察表明，2010-2013年，观察点之间的距离的最大变化不超过10毫米/年。2013-2014年，构造机制被激活，表现为叶尼塞河左右岸上地壳的压缩和伸展应变迹象的变化。在激活期间，基线长度的最大年度变化率达到了±18 mm。2012–2016年的标准水平和垂直误差分别为3.0–3.5和6.0–7.4 mm。考虑到比例因子，开发了解释观测数据的方法学方法，这使得有可能评估MCM对岩体天然绝热性能稳定性的影响程度，同时证实放射性废物处置的地质生态安全性。根据观测结果，建立了模拟岩体应力-应变状态的边界条件，并对GKhK采矿和化学联合装置的场地进行了动力学分区。2012–2016年的标准水平和垂直误差分别为3.0–3.5和6.0–7.4 mm。考虑到比例因子，开发了解释观测数据的方法学方法，这使得有可能评估MCM对岩体天然绝热性能稳定性的影响程度，同时证实放射性废物处置的地质生态安全性。根据观测结果，建立了模拟岩体应力-应变状态的边界条件，并对GKhK采矿和化学联合装置的场地进行了动力学分区。2012–2016年的标准水平和垂直误差分别为3.0–3.5和6.0–7.4 mm。考虑到比例因子，开发了解释观测数据的方法学方法，这使得有可能评估MCM对岩体天然绝热性能稳定性的影响程度，同时证实放射性废物处置的地质生态安全性。根据观测结果，建立了模拟岩体应力-应变状态的边界条件，并对GKhK采矿和化学联合装置的场地进行了动力学分区。这使得评估MCM对岩体自然绝缘性能稳定性的影响程度成为可能，同时又证实了放射性废物处置的地质生态安全性。根据观测结果，建立了模拟岩体应力-应变状态的边界条件，并对GKhK采矿和化学联合装置的场地进行了动力学分区。这使得评估MCM对岩体自然绝缘性能稳定性的影响程度成为可能，同时又证实了放射性废物处置的地质生态安全性。根据观测结果，建立了模拟岩体应力-应变状态的边界条件，并对GKhK采矿和化学联合装置的场地进行了动力学分区。