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How wind affects growth in treeline Picea abies
Alpine Botany ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2017-02-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s00035-017-0186-x
Jakub Kašpar , Jiří Hošek , Václav Treml

Globally, treeline position is driven by temperatures during the growing season. Nevertheless, at regional scales, the position of uppermost tree stands also reflects other climatic factors, including wind action. It remains uncertain, however, how much do intense winds depress the treeline below its potential position. Our objective was to quantify the effect of wind speed on the possible depression of upper forest margins below the potential treeline in a windy mountain range with the treeline located close to summit areas. In the Giant Mountains, Czech Republic, growth parameters and symptoms of wind-induced loss of biomass were determined for Norway spruce (Picea abies [L] Karst.) in 70 plots distributed along a gradient of wind speed within the treeline ecotone. Wind speed was modelled for each plot. General linear models were applied to discern the effect of wind on tree growth. Our results show that high wind speeds are reflected in the presence of clonal tree islands and irregular tree crowns. Despite evident wind-induced biomass loss, radial growth was not significantly affected, and the effect of wind on height increment was limited only to parts of the stem from 2 m above ground. Considering that the height growth was substantially reduced by wind in about half of the treeline area, and wind was able to limit only growth of trees taller than 2 m, the overall wind-induced depression of highest treeline positions is probably low, even in windy mountain regions.

中文翻译:

风如何影响树形云杉云杉的生长

在全球范围内,树线的位置受生长季节温度的影响。然而,在区域尺度上,最上层树的位置也反映了其他气候因素,包括风的作用。但是,尚不确定有多少强风将林线压低到其潜在位置以下。我们的目标是量化风速对多风山脉中潜在林线下方潜在森林上缘的可能凹陷的影响,该林线位于山顶附近。在捷克共和国的巨人山脉,确定了挪威云杉的生长参数和风致生物量损失的症状(云杉)[L]喀斯特地区)在树线过渡带内沿风速梯度分布的70个地块中。为每个地块建模风速。应用通用线性模型来识别风对树木生长的影响。我们的结果表明,高风速反映在无性树岛和不规则树冠的存在下。尽管有明显的风致生物量损失,但径向生长并未受到显着影响,风对高度增加的影响仅限于距地面2 m以上的部分茎。考虑到风速在大约一半的树线区域中大大降低了高度的增长,并且风只能限制2 m以上的树木的生长,即使在有风的情况下,由风引起的最高树线位置的整体压低也可能很低山区。
更新日期:2017-02-27
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