Hydrochar derived from Argan nut shell (ANS) was synthesized and applied to remove bisphenol A (BPA) and diuron. The results indicated that the hydrochar prepared at 200 °C (HTC@ANS-200) possessed a higher specific surface area (42 m²/g) than hydrochar (HTC@ANS-180) prepared at 180 °C (17 m²/g). The hydrochars exhibited spherical particles, which are rich in functional groups. The HTC@ANS-200 exhibited high adsorption efficiency, of about 92% of the BPA removal and 95% of diuron removal. The maximum Langmuir adsorption capacities of HTC@ANS-200 at room temperature were 1162.79 mg/for Bisphenol A and 833.33 mg/g for diuron (higher than most reported adsorbents). The adsorption process was spontaneous (− ΔG°) and exothermic (− ΔH°). Excellent reusability was reclaimed after five cycles, the removal efficiency showed a weak decrease of 4% for BPA and 1% for diuron. The analysis of Fourier transforms infrared spectrometry demonstrated that the aromatic C=C and OH played major roles in the adsorption mechanisms of BPA and diuron in this study. The high adsorption capacity was attributed to the beneficial porosity (The pore size of HTC@ANS-200 bigger than the size of BPA and diuron molecule) and surface functional groups. BPA and diuron adsorption occurred also via multiple adsorption mechanisms, including pore filling, π–π interactions, and hydrogen bonding interactions on HTC@ANS-200.

中文翻译：

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Argan坚果壳的水热碳化：功能性介孔碳在双酚A和Diuron的吸附方面表现出色

合成了源自坚果坚果壳（ANS）的Hydrochar，并将其应用于去除双酚A（BPA）和杜隆。结果表明，在200°C（HTC @ ANS-200）制备的水煤油比在180°C（17 m ²）制备的水煤油（HTC @ ANS-180）具有更高的比表面积（42 m ² / g）。/G）。碳氢化合物显示出球形的颗粒，富含官能团。HTC @ ANS-200表现出很高的吸附效率，约占BPA去除量的92％，对杜隆的去除率是95％。HTC @ ANS-200在室温下对双酚A的最大Langmuir吸附容量为1162.79 mg / g，对双氮为833.33 mg / g（高于大多数报道的吸附剂）。吸附过程是自发的（-ΔG°）和放热的（-ΔH°）。五个循环后，可回收性极佳，去除效率显示BPA降低4％，敌草隆降低1％。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明，在本研究中，芳香族C = C和OH在BPA和diuron的吸附机理中起主要作用。高的吸附能力归因于有利的孔隙率（HTC @ ANS-200的孔径大于BPA和diuron分子的孔径）和表面官能团。BPA和敌草隆的吸附也通过多种吸附机制发生，包括在HTC @ ANS-200上的孔填充，π-π相互作用和氢键相互作用。