The present study aims to reconstruct vegetation development, climate changes and human impact using an ombrotrophic peat core from the Coltrondo bog in the eastern Italian Alps. Evidence from pollen, micro-charcoal, major and trace elements, and lead isotopes from this 7,900 years old peat deposit has been combined, and several climatic oscillations and phases of human impact detected. In particular, human presence was recorded in this area of the Alps from about 650 cal bc, with periods of increased activity at the end of the Middle Ages and also at the end of the 19th century, as evidenced by both human-related pollen and the increase in micro-charcoal particles. The enrichment factor of lead (EF_Pb) increased since the Roman period and the Middle Ages, suggesting mainly mining activities, whereas the advent of industrialization in the 20th century is marked by the highest EF_Pb values in the whole core. The EF_Pb data are strongly supported by the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb values and these are in general agreement with the historical information available. Therefore, the multi-proxy approach used here has allowed detection of climatic events and human impact patterns in the Comelico area starting from the Iron Age, giving new insights into the palaeoecology as well as the course of the interaction among humans, climate and ecosystems in this part of the eastern Italian Alps.

中文翻译：

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意大利东部阿尔卑斯山全新世的植被历史和人类影响：意大利科米利科优越地带Coltrondo泥炭沼泽的多代理研究。

本研究旨在利用意大利东部阿尔卑斯山的Coltrondo沼泽中的营养营养泥炭芯来重建植被发育，气候变化和人类影响。来自这个7900年历史的泥炭矿床的花粉，微木炭，主要和微量元素以及铅同位素的证据已经结合在一起，并且检测到了几种气候波动和人类影响的阶段。特别是，在阿尔卑斯山这一地区，大约有650 cal bc记录了人类的存在，在中世纪末期和19世纪末期都有活跃的时期增加，与人类有关的花粉和微型木炭颗粒的增加。铅的富集因子（EF _Pb）自罗马时期和中世纪以来有所增加，这主要表明了采矿活动，而20世纪工业化的来临则以整个核心的最高EF _Pb值为标志。EF _Pb数据受到²⁰⁶ Pb / ²⁰⁷ Pb值的有力支持，并且这些数据通常与可用的历史信息一致。因此，从铁器时代开始，这里使用的多代理方法就可以检测到科利科地区的气候事件和人类影响模式，从而对古生态学以及人类，气候和生态系统之间相互作用的过程提供了新的见解。意大利东部阿尔卑斯山的这一部分。