Naturalistic observations show that decisions to avoid or escape predators occur at different spatiotemporal scales and that they are supported by different computations and neural circuits. At their extremes, proximal threats are addressed by a limited repertoire of reflexive and myopic actions, reflecting reduced decision and state spaces and model-free (MF) architectures. Conversely, distal threats allow increased information processing supported by model-based (MB) operations, including affective prospection, replay, and planning. However, MF and MB computations are often intertwined, and under conditions of safety the foundations for future effective reactive execution can be laid through MB instruction of MF control. Together, these computations are associated with distinct population codes embedded within a distributed defensive circuitry whose goal is to determine and realize the best policy.

中文翻译：

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空间、时间和恐惧：沿防御回路的生存计算

自然观察表明，避免或逃避捕食者的决定发生在不同的时空尺度上，并且它们得到不同的计算和神经回路的支持。在极端情况下，近端威胁通过有限的反射和近视动作来解决，反映了决策和状态空间的减少以及无模型 (MF) 架构。相反，远端威胁允许增加基于模型 (MB) 操作支持的信息处理，包括情感探查、重放和计划。然而，MF 和 MB 计算往往是交织在一起的，在安全的条件下，可以通过 MF 控制的 MB 指令为未来有效的反应式执行奠定基础。一起，