In principle, quantum key distribution (QKD) offers information-theoretic security based on the laws of physics. In practice, however, the imperfections of realistic devices might introduce deviations from the idealized models used in security analyses. Can quantum code-breakers successfully hack real systems by exploiting the side channels? Can quantum code-makers design innovative counter-measures to foil quantum code-breakers? This article reviews theoretical and experimental progress in the practical security aspects of quantum code-making and quantum code-breaking. After numerous attempts, researchers now thoroughly understand and are able to manage the practical imperfections. Recent advances, such as the measurement-device-independent protocol, have closed the critical side channels in the physical implementations, paving the way for secure QKD with realistic devices.

中文翻译：

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使用逼真的设备安全地分配量子密钥

原则上，量子密钥分发（QKD）提供基于物理定律的信息理论安全性。但是，在实践中，实际设备的不完善之处可能会导致与安全性分析中使用的理想模型产生偏差。量子密码破解者能否通过利用辅助渠道成功破解真实系统？量子密码制定者可以设计出创新的对策来挫败量子密码破解者吗？本文回顾了在量子代码制作和量子代码破解的实际安全方面的理论和实验进展。经过无数次尝试，研究人员现已全面了解并能够处理实际缺陷。诸如与测量设备无关的协议之类的最新进展已经关闭了物理实现中的关键侧通道，