BACKGROUND Food consumed outside of the home is often high in energy and population level interventions that reduce energy intake of people from both lower and higher socioeconomic position (SEP) are needed. There is a lack of evidence on the effectiveness and SEP equity of structural-based (e.g. increasing availability of lower energy options) and information provision (e.g. menu energy labelling) interventions on food choice. METHODS Across two online experiments, participants of lower and higher SEP made meal choices in a novel virtual fast-food restaurant. To be eligible to take part, participants were required to be UK residents, aged 18 or above, fluent in English, have access to a computer with an internet connection and have no dietary restrictions. Participants were randomized to one of four conditions in a 2 × 2 between-subjects design: menu energy labelling present vs. absent and increased availability of lower energy options (75% of menu options lower energy) vs. baseline availability (25% of menu options lower energy). Participants also completed measures of executive function and food choice motives. RESULTS The analysis of pooled data from both studies (n = 1743) showed that increasing the availability of lower energy options resulted in participants ordering meals with significantly less energy on average (- 71 kcal, p <  0.001, partial η2 = 0.024) and this effect was observed irrespective of participant SEP. Menu labelling had no significant effect on energy ordered (- 18 kcal, p = 0.116, partial η2 = 0.001) in participants from both higher and lower SEP. Furthermore, we found no evidence that executive function or food choice motives moderated the effect of increasing lower energy menu options or energy labelling on total energy ordered. CONCLUSIONS In a virtual fast-food environment, energy labelling was ineffective in reducing total energy ordered for both higher and lower SEP participants. Increasing the availability of lower energy options had an equitable effect, reducing total energy ordered in participants from higher and lower SEP. TRIAL REGISTRATION Study protocols and analysis plans were pre-registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ajcr6/).

中文翻译：

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社会经济地位以及低能量餐相对菜单能量标签的供应量增加对食物选择的影响：在虚拟快餐店中进行的两项随机对照试验。

背景技术在家庭外消耗的食物通常具有较高的能量，并且需要减少来自较低和较高社会经济地位（SEP）的人们的能量摄入的人口水平干预措施。关于基于结构的（例如，增加使用较低能源的选择的可能性）和有关食物选择的信息提供（例如，菜单能源标签）干预措施的有效性和SEP公平性缺乏证据。方法在两个在线实验中，较低和较高SEP的参与者在一家新颖的虚拟快餐店中选择了餐食。要符合参加资格，参与者必须是18岁或18岁以上的英国居民，英语流利，可以使用具有互联网连接的计算机，并且没有饮食限制。在2×2受试者间设计中，参与者被随机分配到以下四个条件之一：菜单能量标签的存在与否，较低能量选项的可用性以及可用性的增加（菜单选项能量的75％）与基线可用性（菜单选项能量的25％的能量较低）之间的对比。参加者还完成了执行功能和食物选择动机的测量。结果两项研究的汇总数据分析（n = 1743）表明，增加较低能量选择的可用性会导致参与者订购平均能量明显较低的餐点（-71 kcal，p <0.001，部分η2= 0.024），并且不管参与者参加SEP观察到的效果。菜单标签对来自较高和较低SEP的参与者的有序能量（-18 kcal，p = 0.116，部分η2= 0.001）没有显着影响。此外，我们没有发现证据表明执行功能或食物选择动机减轻了增加低能量菜单选项或能量标签对订购总能量的影响。结论在虚拟的快餐环境中，能源标签无法有效地降低SEP参与者中较高和较低者的有序总能量。增加较低能量选择的可用性具有公平的效果，减少了参与者从较高和较低的SEP中订购的总能量。试用注册研究方案和分析计划已在开放科学框架（https://osf.io/ajcr6/）上预先注册。增加较低能量选择的可用性具有公平的效果，减少了参与者从较高和较低的SEP中订购的总能量。试用注册研究方案和分析计划已在开放科学框架（https://osf.io/ajcr6/）上预先注册。增加较低能量选择的可用性具有公平的效果，减少了参与者从较高和较低的SEP中订购的总能量。试用注册研究方案和分析计划已在开放科学框架（https://osf.io/ajcr6/）上预先注册。