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Sex-specific patterns of senescence in artificial insect populations varying in sex-ratio to manipulate reproductive effort.
BMC Evolutionary Biology ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 , DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-1586-x
Charly Jehan 1 , Manon Chogne 1 , Thierry Rigaud 1 , Yannick Moret 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND The disposable soma theory of ageing assumes that organisms optimally trade-off limited resources between reproduction and longevity to maximize fitness. Early reproduction should especially trade-off against late reproduction and longevity because of reduced investment into somatic protection, including immunity. Moreover, as optimal reproductive strategies of males and females differ, sexually dimorphic patterns of senescence may evolve. In particular, as males gain fitness through mating success, sexual competition should be a major factor accelerating male senescence. In a single experiment, we examined these possibilities by establishing artificial populations of the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, in which we manipulated the sex-ratio to generate variable levels of investment into reproductive effort and sexual competition in males and females. RESULTS As predicted, variation in sex-ratio affected male and female reproductive efforts, with contrasted sex-specific trade-offs between lifetime reproduction, survival and immunity. High effort of reproduction accelerated mortality in females, without affecting immunity, but high early reproductive success was observed only in balanced sex-ratio condition. Male reproduction was costly on longevity and immunity, mainly because of their investment into copulations rather than in sexual competition. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that T. molitor males, like females, maximize fitness through enhanced longevity, partly explaining their comparable longevity.

中文翻译:

人工昆虫种群中特定于性别的衰老模式按性别比例变化以控制生殖力。

背景技术衰老的一次性体细胞理论假设生物在繁殖和寿命之间最佳地权衡有限的资源以最大化适应性。早期繁殖应特别权衡后期繁殖和长寿,因为减少了对躯体保护的投资,包括免疫力。而且,由于雄性和雌性的最佳生殖策略不同,衰老的性二态性模式可能会演变。特别是,随着雄性通过交配成功而变得健康,性竞争应成为促进雄性衰老的主要因素。在一个实验中,我们通过建立粉虫甲虫Tenebrio molitor的人工种群,研究了这些可能性。在这种方法中,我们利用性别比例来产生不同水平的投资,以促进男性和女性的生殖力和性竞争。结果如预期的那样,性别比例的变化会影响男性和女性的生殖努力,并且在终生生殖,生存和免疫力之间存在性别差异。繁重的生殖努力加快了雌性的死亡率,而不影响免疫力,但仅在性别比例平衡的情况下,观察到较高的早期生殖成功率。雄性生殖的寿命和免疫力高昂,主要是因为它们投资于交配而不是性竞争。结论我们的结果表明,与女性一样,食蟹雄性象通过延长寿命可以最大限度地提高体能,部分解释了它们的可比寿命。性别比例的变化会影响男性和女性的生殖努力,而在终生生殖,生存和免疫力方面则存在性别差异。繁重的生殖努力加快了雌性的死亡率,而不影响免疫力,但仅在性别比例平衡的情况下,观察到较高的早期生殖成功率。雄性生殖的寿命和免疫力高昂,主要是因为它们投资于交配而不是性竞争。结论我们的结果表明,与女性一样,食蟹雄性象通过延长寿命可以最大限度地提高体能,部分解释了它们的可比寿命。性别比例的变化会影响男性和女性的生殖努力,而在终生生殖,生存和免疫力方面则存在性别差异。繁重的生殖努力加快了雌性的死亡率,而不影响免疫力,但仅在性别比例平衡的情况下,观察到较高的早期生殖成功率。雄性生殖的寿命和免疫力高昂,主要是因为它们投资于交配而不是性竞争。结论我们的结果表明,与女性一样,食蟹雄性象通过延长寿命可以最大限度地提高体能,部分解释了它们的可比寿命。繁重的生殖努力加快了雌性的死亡率,而不影响免疫力,但仅在性别比例平衡的情况下,观察到较高的早期生殖成功率。雄性生殖的寿命和免疫力高昂,主要是因为它们投资于交配而不是性竞争。结论我们的结果表明,与女性一样,食蟹雄性象通过延长寿命可以最大限度地提高体能,部分解释了它们的可比寿命。繁重的生殖努力加快了雌性的死亡率,而不影响免疫力,但仅在性别比例平衡的情况下,观察到较高的早期生殖成功率。雄性生殖的寿命和免疫力高昂,主要是因为它们投资于交配而不是性竞争。结论我们的结果表明,与女性一样,食蟹雄性象通过延长寿命可以最大限度地提高体能,部分解释了它们的可比寿命。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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