Xylose is a major component of lignocellulose and the second most abundant sugar present in nature. Efficient utilization of xylose is required for the development of economically viable processes to produce biofuels and chemicals from biomass. However, there are still some bottlenecks in the bioconversion of xylose, including the fact that some microorganisms cannot assimilate xylose naturally and that the uptake and metabolism of xylose are inhibited by glucose, which is usually present with xylose in lignocellulose hydrolysate. To overcome these issues, numerous efforts have been made to discover, characterize, and engineer the transporters and enzymes involved in xylose utilization to relieve glucose inhibition and to develop recombinant microorganisms to produce fuels and chemicals from xylose. Here we describe a recent advancement focusing on xylose-utilizing pathways, biosynthesis of chemicals from xylose, and engineering strategies used to improve the conversion efficiency of xylose.

中文翻译：

---

微生物吸收和转化木糖的生化途径。

木糖是木质纤维素的主要成分，也是自然界中第二丰富的糖。开发经济可行的工艺以利用生物质生产生物燃料和化学品需要有效利用木糖。然而，木糖的生物转化仍然存在一些瓶颈，包括一些微生物不能自然地同化木糖，木糖的摄取和代谢受到葡萄糖的抑制，而葡萄糖通常与木糖一起存在于木质纤维素水解产物中。为了克服这些问题，人们做出了大量的努力来发现、表征和设计木糖利用中涉及的转运蛋白和酶，以减轻葡萄糖抑制，并开发重组微生物以从木糖生产燃料和化学品。在这里，我们描述了最近的进展，重点是木糖利用途径、木糖化学物质的生物合成以及用于提高木糖转化效率的工程策略。