We systematically review the literature on approach-avoidance (AA) tendencies in mental disorders, including 97 empirical studies. Most evidence for the role of biased AA tendencies was found in addictive disorders: The presence of an approach bias (ApB) for substance related stimuli in subclinical populations can be a risk factor for increased future substance use, and AA modification training given as an add-on to standard treatment has the potential to reduce intake and relapse rates reliably. In depression, reduced approach of positive stimuli and reduced avoidance of negative stimuli have been found, and modification procedures seem to have clinical potential. In anxiety disorders, an avoidance bias (AvB) for threat-related stimuli has been found frequently, but modification studies did not yield any clinical effects. In eating disorder a lack of food preferences in anorexia nervosa may be present, but relations between AA measures and clinical (outcome) measures were not established. In other disorders, the evidence was limited due to a low number of published studies. Several methodological problems are discussed: It is often difficult to compare studies to each other, control groups and control stimuli are frequently missing, and many studies suffer from insufficient statistical power due to small samples. We finally give suggestions for future research on biased AA tendencies in psychopathology.

我们系统地回顾了有关精神障碍中避免接触（AA）倾向的文献，包括97项实证研究。在成瘾性疾病中发现了大多数偏倚性AA倾向的作用的证据：亚临床人群中与物质相关的刺激存在接近偏倚（ApB）可能是未来增加吸毒的风险因素，另外还需进行AA修饰培训到标准治疗有可能可靠地减少摄入和复发率。在抑郁症中，发现减少了积极刺激的方法和减少了对消极刺激的避免，并且修饰程序似乎具有临床潜力。在焦虑症中，经常发现针对威胁相关刺激的避免偏倚（AvB），但修饰研究并未产生任何临床效果。在进食障碍中，可能会出现神经性厌食症患者缺乏食物偏爱的情况，但尚未建立AA措施与临床（结果）措施之间的关系。在其他疾病中，由于发表的研究较少，证据有限。讨论了一些方法上的问题：彼此之间经常很难进行比较研究；对照组和对照组的刺激经常缺失；许多研究由于样本量小，统计能力不足。我们最终为心理病理学中偏AA倾向的未来研究提供建议。讨论了一些方法上的问题：彼此之间经常很难进行比较研究；对照组和对照组的刺激经常缺失；许多研究由于样本量小，统计能力不足。我们最终为心理病理学中偏AA倾向的未来研究提供建议。讨论了一些方法上的问题：彼此之间经常很难进行比较研究；对照组和对照组的刺激经常缺失；许多研究由于样本量小，统计能力不足。我们最终为心理病理学中偏AA倾向的未来研究提供建议。