UV filters are a class of emerging contaminants with an annual estimated production of 10,000 tons worldwide that continuously enter aquatic environments. Among UV filters, 4-methylbenzylidenecamphor (4-MBC) is an organic camphor derivative used in the cosmetic industry for its ability to protect the skin against UV, specifically UV B radiation. Individuals of the Japanese clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, were exposed to 4-MBC at environmentally relevant and slightly higher concentrations (nominal: 0, 1, 10, 100 μg L-1) using a semi-static exposure system over a 7-days period followed by a 3-days depuration period (total 10 days) where no 4-MBC was added to the tanks. Assessed mortality reached up to 100 % at the highest exposure concentration and a LC50 value of 7.71 μg·L-14-MBC was derived. Environmental risk assessment carried out in a site specific environment, the Cadiz bay in the south of Spain, revealed a potential risk produced by the presence of 4-MBC. Digestive glands tissues were analysed for differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the stress response (SOD, MT, GST, EIF1, BCL2, TP53, CAT, 18S, GADPH, GPX, GADD45, THIO9) by RT-qPCR for relative quantification. Results showed that the presence of 4-MBC at environmentally relevant concentrations induced the expression of genes that encode for antioxidant enzymes (GST) and for proteins related to the inhibition of apoptosis (BCL2) and cellular stress (GADD), suggesting a physiological stress response.

中文翻译：

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阳光下的压力：在海洋双壳类滤食器马尼拉蛤菲律宾蛤仔中，低浓度的UV滤器4-甲基亚苄基樟脑（4-MBC）暴露的影响。

紫外线过滤器是一类新兴污染物，全球估计每年产生10,000吨污染物，并不断进入水生环境。在紫外线过滤剂中，4-甲基苄叉基樟脑（4-MBC）是化妆品工业中使用的一种有机樟脑衍生物，因为它具有保护皮肤免受紫外线（特别是UV B辐射）影响的能力。使用半静态暴露系统，将日本蛤仔菲律宾蛤仔以与环境相关的浓度和稍高的浓度（标称值：0、1、10、100μgL-1）暴露于4-MBC，历时7天。随后是3天的净化期（共10天），其中没有向罐中添加4-MBC。在最高暴露浓度下，评估的死亡率高达100％，得出的LC50值为7.71μg·L-14-MBC。在特定地点的环境（西班牙南部的加的斯湾）中进行的环境风险评估表明，存在4-MBC可能产生潜在风险。通过RT-qPCR分析了消化腺组织中编码与应激反应有关的蛋白质（SOD，MT，GST，EIF1，BCL2，TP53，CAT，18S，GADPH，GPX，GADD45，THIO9）的基因的差异表达，以进行相对定量。结果表明，在与环境相关的浓度下存在4-MBC会诱导编码抗氧化酶（GST）和与抑制细胞凋亡（BCL2）和细胞应激（GADD）相关的蛋白质的基因表达，表明存在生理应激反应。通过RT-qPCR分析了消化腺组织中编码与应激反应有关的蛋白质（SOD，MT，GST，EIF1，BCL2，TP53，CAT，18S，GADPH，GPX，GADD45，THIO9）的基因的差异表达，以进行相对定量。结果表明，在环境相关浓度下4-MBC的存在会诱导编码抗氧化酶（GST）和与抑制凋亡（BCL2）和细胞应激（GADD）相关的蛋白质的基因的表达，表明存在生理应激反应。通过RT-qPCR分析了消化腺组织中编码与应激反应有关的蛋白质（SOD，MT，GST，EIF1，BCL2，TP53，CAT，18S，GADPH，GPX，GADD45，THIO9）的基因的差异表达，以进行相对定量。结果表明，在环境相关浓度下4-MBC的存在会诱导编码抗氧化酶（GST）和与抑制凋亡（BCL2）和细胞应激（GADD）相关的蛋白质的基因的表达，表明存在生理应激反应。