Sulfur mustard (SM) is a toxicant and chemical warfare agent with strong vesicant properties. The mechanisms behind SM-induced toxicity are not fully understood and no antidote or effective therapy against SM exists. Both, the risk of SM release in asymmetric conflicts or terrorist attacks and the usage of SM-derived nitrogen mustards as cancer chemotherapeutics, render the mechanisms of mustard-induced toxicity a highly relevant research subject. Herein, we review a central role of the abundant cellular molecule nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) in molecular mechanisms underlying SM toxicity. We also discuss the potential beneficial effects of NAD+ precursors in counteracting SM-induced damage.

中文翻译：

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硫芥毒性中的 NAD+

硫芥 (SM) 是一种有毒物质和化学战剂，具有很强的发泡特性。SM 诱导毒性背后的机制尚不完全清楚，并且不存在针对 SM 的解毒剂或有效疗法。SM 在不对称冲突或恐怖袭击中释放的风险以及 SM 衍生的氮芥作为癌症化学治疗剂的使用，使芥末诱导的毒性机制成为一个高度相关的研究课题。在此，我们回顾了丰富的细胞分子烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (NAD+) 在 SM 毒性的分子机制中的核心作用。我们还讨论了 NAD+ 前体在抵消 SM 诱导的损伤方面的潜在有益作用。