Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) is considered as a substantial path for cleaner production of fatty acids and triglycerides into diesel range hydrocarbons (DRHs) (C15–C18) generally identified as green diesel fuel. Heterogeneous catalysis suggests a supplementary approach for the conversion of biomass into significant biochemicals possibly selective hydrocarbons by an inventive method. The present study reveals the optimization of reaction parameters for the process of HDO of rubber seed oil (RSO) over the transition metal NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ (NMA) catalyst (designed via sonochemical co-impregnation approach) into DRHs, that is, n-C15-n-C18. The comprehensive studies have been performed to investigate the parametric effects employing response surface methodology using central composite design. The experimental design was conducted on the four most influential operating factors, namely, temperature within the range of 300–400 °C, weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) (1–3 h^–1), H₂/oil ratio (400–1000 N (cm³/cm³)), and pressure (30–80 bar), for triglyceride conversion and DRH yield. All the experimental runs were performed in continuous process using a fixed bed tubular reactor over the NMA catalyst. The product analysis showed that triglycerides are completely hydrodeoxygenated into DRHs with an optimum production of 84.94 wt % yield led by prime reaction conditions at a temperature of 400 °C, WHSV of 1 h^–1, pressure of 80 bar, and H₂/oil ratio of 400 N (cm³/cm³). The parametric interaction between temperature and WHSV has significantly influenced the diesel yield. The investigations validated that HDO tracked the corresponding reaction condition in competitive mode and obligated the diverse optimum and limiting reaction conditions. In addition, deactivation of the catalyst study was performed at the optimized reaction condition. The catalyst was found to be active until 18 h without bringing to sulfidization process with 80% diesel yield and 100% triglyceride conversion. The slight deactivation of the catalyst is observed, with a very small amount coke deposition even after 18 h of time on stream at the optimized reaction condition. The novelty of the present study lies in the performance of sonochemically synthesized catalyst for HDO of RSO to produce green diesel and to optimize the reaction condition and catalysts deactivation performance at optimized reaction conditions.

中文翻译：

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橡胶籽油加氢脱氧用于柴油增产烃的参数研究

加氢脱氧（HDO）被认为是将脂肪酸和甘油三酯更清洁地生产为通常被认为是绿色柴油的柴油级碳氢化合物（DRH）（C15–C18）的重要途径。非均相催化提示通过本发明的方法将生物质转化为重要的生物化学物质（可能是选择性烃）的补充方法。本研究揭示了反应参数的橡胶种子油的HDO（RSO）的在过渡金属的NiMo /γ-Al系的过程中优化₂ ø ₃（NMA）催化剂（通过声化学共浸渍方法设计）成DRHs，即是，n -C15- n-C18。已经进行了全面的研究，以使用响应曲面方法和中央复合设计来研究参数效应。实验设计是在四个最有影响力的操作因素上进行的，即温度在300–400°C范围内，重时空速（WHSV）（1-3 h ^–1），H ₂ /油比（400– 1000牛（cm ³ / cm ³））和压力（30–80 bar），以实现甘油三酸酯转化率和DRH收率。所有实验运行均在NMA催化剂上使用固定床管式反应器以连续过程进行。产物分析表明，甘油三酸酯已完全加氢脱氧为D​​RH，在温度为400°C，WHSV为1 h ^–1，压力为80 bar和H ₂ /油的情况下，主要反应条件导致最佳产率为84.94 wt％比率400 N（cm ³ / cm ³）。温度和WHSV之间的参数交互作用已显着影响柴油收率。研究证实，HDO以竞争模式跟踪了相应的反应条件，并承担了各种最佳和极限反应条件。另外，在最佳反应条件下进行了催化剂研究的失活。发现该催化剂在不进行硫化过程的情况下活性至18小时，柴油产率为80％，甘油三酸酯转化率为100％。观察到催化剂的轻微失活，即使在最佳反应条件下运行18小时后，焦炭沉积量也非常小。