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Seismic asperity size evolution during fluid injection: case study of the 1993 Soultz-sous-Forêts injection (revised)
Geophysical Journal International ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 , DOI: 10.1093/gji/ggaa051
L Cauchie 1, 2 , O Lengliné 1 , J Schmittbuhl 1
Affiliation  

The injection of fluid in the upper crust, notably for the development or exploitation of geothermal reservoirs, is often associated with the onset of induced seismicity. Although this process has been largely studied, it is not clear how the injected fluid influences the rupture size of the induced events. Here we re-investigate the induced earthquakes that occurred during an injection at Soultzsous-Forêts, France in 1993 and studied the link between the injected fluid and the source properties of the numerous induced earthquakes. We take advantage that deep borehole accelerometers were running in the vicinity of the injection site. We estimate the moment and radius of all recorded events based on a spectral analysis and classify them into 663 repeating sequences. We show that the events globally obey the typical scaling law between radius and moment. However, at the scale of the asperity, fluctuations of the moment are important while the radii remain similar suggesting a variable stress drop or a mechanism that prevents the growth of the rupture. This is confirmed by linking the event source size to the geomechanical history of the reservoir. In areas where aseismic slip on pre-existing faults has been evidenced, we observed only small rupture sizes whereas in part of the reservoir where seismicity is related to the creation of new fractures, a wider distribution and larger rupture sizes are promoted. Implications for detecting the transition between events related to pre-existing faults and the onset of fresh fractures are discussed.

中文翻译:

流体注入过程中地震粗糙尺寸的演变:1993 年 Soultz-sous-Forêts 注入的案例研究(修订版)

在上地壳中注入流体,特别是为了开发或开采地热储层,通常与诱发地震活动的发生有关。尽管这一过程已被大量研究,但尚不清楚注入的流体如何影响诱发事件的破裂尺寸。在这里,我们重新调查了 1993 年在法国 Soultzsous-Forêts 注入期间发生的诱发地震,并研究了注入的流体与众多诱发地震的震源特性之间的联系。我们利用深钻孔加速度计在注入点附近运行。我们根据频谱分析估计所有记录事件的矩和半径,并将它们分类为 663 个重复序列。我们表明,事件全局遵循半径和力矩之间的典型标度定律。然而,在凹凸不平的尺度上,瞬间的波动很重要,而半径保持相似,表明可变应力下降或防止破裂增长的机制。这通过将事件源大小与储层的地质力学历史联系起来得到证实。在已有断层发生抗震滑动的地区,我们仅观察到较小的破裂尺寸,而在地震活动与新裂缝的产生相关的部分储层中,更广泛的分布和更大的破裂尺寸得到了促进。讨论了检测与预先存在的断层相关的事件与新裂缝的发生之间的转变的意义。时刻的波动很重要,而半径保持相似,表明可变应力下降或防止破裂增长的机制。这通过将事件源大小与储层的地质力学历史联系起来得到证实。在已有断层发生抗震滑动的地区,我们仅观察到较小的破裂尺寸,而在地震活动与新裂缝的产生相关的部分储层中,更广泛的分布和更大的破裂尺寸得到了促进。讨论了检测与预先存在的断层相关的事件与新裂缝的发生之间的转变的意义。时刻的波动很重要,而半径保持相似,表明可变应力下降或防止破裂增长的机制。这通过将事件源大小与储层的地质力学历史联系起来得到证实。在已有断层发生抗震滑动的地区,我们仅观察到较小的破裂尺寸,而在地震活动与新裂缝的产生相关的部分储层中,更广泛的分布和更大的破裂尺寸得到了促进。讨论了检测与预先存在的断层相关的事件与新裂缝的发生之间的转变的意义。这通过将事件源大小与储层的地质力学历史联系起来得到证实。在已有断层发生抗震滑动的地区,我们仅观察到较小的破裂尺寸,而在地震活动与新裂缝的产生相关的部分储层中,更广泛的分布和更大的破裂尺寸得到了促进。讨论了检测与预先存在的断层相关的事件与新裂缝的发生之间的转变的意义。这通过将事件源大小与储层的地质力学历史联系起来得到证实。在已有断层发生抗震滑动的地区,我们仅观察到较小的破裂尺寸,而在地震活动与新裂缝的产生相关的部分储层中,更广泛的分布和更大的破裂尺寸得到了促进。讨论了检测与预先存在的断层相关的事件与新裂缝的发生之间的转变的意义。
更新日期:2020-02-03
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