The increasing demands of portable, flexible, and wearable electronics have greatly stimulated the development of miniaturized supercapacitors (MSCs) with features of high flexibility, low weight, long lifespan, and safety. The techniques which can effectively incorporate functional nanomaterials into flexible electrodes are extremely important for future wide‐spread applications of MSCs, and thus are identified as the research focus in the field. Herein, this review focuses on recent advances in the fabrication of flexible electrodes and their applications in MSCs. In particular, the principles of the newly developed fiber spinning techniques and their utilization in designing microstructures and resulting electrochemical properties of fibrous electrodes are first described. Second, a few novel approaches to prepare planar MSCs and their special advantages are introduced, and third, the state‐of‐the‐art research in 3D stereo MSCs based on 3D printing and morphing technologies are discussed. In the end, the prospects and key challenges based on the considerations of performance improvement, device design, and system integration are outlined.

中文翻译：

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小型超级电容器用柔性电极设计的最新进展

便携式，柔性和可穿戴电子产品的日益增长的需求极大地刺激了具有高柔性，低重量，长寿命和安全性特征的小型超级电容器（MSC）的发展。可以有效地将功能纳米材料结合到柔性电极中的技术对于MSC的未来广泛应用极为重要，因此被确定为该领域的研究重点。本文中，本文的重点是柔性电极的制造及其在MSC中的应用方面的最新进展。特别地，首先描述了新开发的纤维纺丝技术的原理及其在设计微结构中的用途以及所得到的纤维电极的电化学性能。第二，介绍了几种制备平面MSC的新颖方法及其特殊优点，其次，讨论了基于3D打印和变形技术的3D立体MSC的最新研究。最后，基于性能改进，设备设计和系统集成的考虑，概述了前景和关键挑战。