The latest shifts in technology have brought about new kinds of users who occasionally access unfamiliar systems in new scenarios. This way of use should not request any learning curve. There have been many attempts to help this kind of users: agents, floating help, tooltips, direct video demonstrations, etc., elements that support the appealing direct manipulation style (DM), but add indeed an extra layer of supporting material over it. In this paper, we describe an analyse goals-guided Interaction, GGI, as the basis for a different approach. We do not expect the user to understand or use a metaphor but guide them throughout the whole interaction process. This help system is integrated in the interface. The user will be closely guided on the “what to do” and on the “how to do,” always according to their current goal. This no-previous-knowledge-required way of interaction shortens significantly the learning curve. In order to support this proposal, a complete study based on user testing is performed. The results show that, for non-expert occasional users, GGI is more efficient in time and less error prone than the classic Direct Manipulation. Participants also showed a strong preference for GGI. This research offers an alternative way of interaction for designers and developers of human-centric interactive systems who have occasional users as their main target users.

中文翻译：

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针对偶尔的用户的提案和测试目标指导的交互

技术的最新变化带来了新类型的用户，这些用户有时会在新的场景中访问陌生的系统。这种使用方式不应要求任何学习曲线。已经进行了许多尝试来帮助此类用户：代理，浮动帮助，工具提示，直接视频演示等，这些元素支持吸引人的直接操作样式（DM），但实际上在其上添加了一层额外的支持材料。在本文中，我们描述了一个分析目标-指导互动，GGI作为不同方法的基础。我们不希望用户理解或使用隐喻，而是在整个交互过程中指导他们。该帮助系统集成在界面中。始终根据他们当前的目标，将严格指导用户“做什么”和“如何做”。这种不需要知识的交互方式大大缩短了学习曲线。为了支持该建议，进行了基于用户测试的完整研究。结果表明，对于偶尔使用非专家的用户，GGI在时间上效率更高，并且比传统的直接操纵更容易出错。参与者也对GGI表现出强烈的偏爱。