Bymovirus-induced yellow mosaic diseases seriously threaten global production of autumn-sown barley and wheat, which are two of the presently most important crops around the world. Under natural field conditions, the diseases are caused by infection of soil-borne plasmodiophorid Polymyxa graminis-transmitted bymoviruses of the genus Bymovirus of the family Potyviridae. Focusing on barley and wheat, this article summarizes the achievements on taxonomy, geography and host specificity of these disease-conferring viruses, as well as the genetics of resistance in barley, wheat and wild relatives. Moreover, based on recent progress of barley and wheat genomics, germplasm resources and large-scale sequencing, the exploration and isolation of corresponding resistant genes from wheat and barley as well as relatives, no matter what a large and complicated genome is present, are becoming feasible and are discussed. Furthermore, the foreseen advances on cloning of the resistance or susceptibility-encoding genes, which will provide the possibility to explore the functional interaction between host plants and soil-borne viral pathogens, are discussed as well as the benefits for marker-assisted resistance breeding in barley and wheat.

中文翻译：

---

大麦和小麦由副病毒引起的黄色花叶病：病毒，遗传抗性和功能方面。

由副病毒引起的黄色花叶病严重威胁着秋播大麦和小麦的全球生产，这是目前世界上最重要的两种作物。在自然田间条件下，该疾病是由猪痘病毒科副病毒属的土传疟原虫多粘粒虫传播的副病毒感染引起的。本文以大麦和小麦为重点，总结了这些可致病病毒的分类学，地理和寄主特异性方面的成就，以及大麦，小麦和野生近缘种的抗性遗传。此外，根据大麦和小麦基因组学，种质资源和大规模测序的最新进展，从小麦和大麦及其亲属中探索和分离出相应的抗性基因，无论存在什么大而复杂的基因组，它都变得可行并进行了讨论。此外，在抗性或易感性编码基因的克隆方面可预见的进展将为探讨宿主植物与土壤传播的病毒病原体之间的功能相互作用提供可能，并讨论了标记辅助抗性育种的优势。大麦和小麦。