Bubbles are known to influence energy and mass transfer in gas-evolving electrodes. However, we lack a detailed understanding on the intricate dependencies between bubble evolution processes and electrochemical phenomena. This review discusses our current knowledge on the effects of bubbles on electrochemical systems with the aim to identify opportunities and motivate future research in this area. We first provide a base background on the physics of bubble evolution as it relates to electrochemical processes. Then we outline how bubbles affect energy efficiency of electrode processes, detailing the bubble-induced impacts on activation, ohmic, and concentration overpotentials. Lastly, we describe different strategies to mitigate losses and how to exploit bubbles to enhance electrochemical reactions.

已知气泡会影响气体逸出电极中的能量和质量传递。但是，我们对气泡生成过程和电化学现象之间的复杂依赖性缺乏详细的了解。这篇综述讨论了我们对气泡对电化学系统的影响的当前知识，目的是发现机会并激发该领域的未来研究。首先，我们提供了有关气泡演化的物理基础知识，因为它涉及电化学过程。然后，我们概述了气泡如何影响电极工艺的能量效率，并详细说明了气泡引起的对活化，欧姆和浓度超电势的影响。最后，我们描述了减轻损失的不同策略，以及如何利用气泡来增强电化学反应。