Lipids entering the gastrointestinal tract include dietary lipids (triacylglycerols, cholesteryl esters and phospholipids) and endogenous lipids from bile (phospholipids and cholesterol) and from shed intestinal epithelial cells (enterocytes). Here, we comprehensively review the digestion, uptake and intracellular re-synthesis of intestinal lipids as well as their packaging into pre-chylomicrons in the endoplasmic reticulum, their modification in the Golgi apparatus and the exocytosis of the chylomicrons into the lamina propria and subsequently to lymph. We also discuss other fates of intestinal lipids, including intestinal HDL and VLDL secretion, cytosolic lipid droplets and fatty acid oxidation. In addition, we highlight the applicability of these findings to human disease and the development of therapeutics targeting lipid metabolism. Finally, we explore the emerging role of the gut microbiota in modulating intestinal lipid metabolism and outline key questions for future research.

中文翻译：

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肠道脂质代谢的调节：当前的概念和与疾病的相关性。

进入胃肠道的脂质包括饮食脂质（三酰基甘油，胆固醇酯和磷脂）和胆汁（磷脂和胆固醇）和脱落的肠上皮细胞（肠上皮细胞）的内源性脂质。在这里，我们全面审查肠道脂质的消化，摄取和细胞内重新合成，以及将其包装入内质网中的前乳糜微粒，它们在高尔基体中的修饰以及乳糜微粒向固有层和随后的胞浆的胞吐作用淋巴。我们还讨论了肠道脂质的其他命运，包括肠道HDL和VLDL分泌，胞质脂质滴和脂肪酸氧化。此外，我们强调了这些发现对人类疾病的适用性以及针对脂质代谢的疗法的发展。最后，