Ultralight three-dimensional (3D) cellular architectures are both a challenge and an opportunity for those academic and industrial applications involved with high performance material design. The challenges have been accessed by employing a variety of materials. Accordingly, graphene has shown greatest potential by virtue of its unique chemical, thermal, electronic, and mechanical properties for applications ranging from structural materials to energy storage/conversion devices. In this review, we highlight recent efforts and advances made in the implementation of graphene-based 3D cellular architectures, especially focusing on the ultralight density region (<10 mg·cm−3). First, we reviewed the synthetic approaches for generating graphene-based 3D lightweight cellular structures according to the criteria of closed-cellular structures (CCSs) or open-cellular structures (OCSs) whether cell faces between constituent unit cells exist or not, respectively. These structural differences could lead to discerning physical properties, such as in mass transport across pores, heat/electron transfer through graphene framework, and various modes in mechanical deformation. We then collectively introduce recent achievements for representative applications utilizing different types of cellular structures such as flexible electronics, energy storage/conversion systems, fluid absorption, mechanical dampers, and sensors. Finally, we highlight the future perspectives of graphene-based lightweight cellular structures to surpass existing technological challenges.

中文翻译：

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基于石墨烯的 3D 轻质蜂窝结构：合成与应用

对于涉及高性能材料设计的学术和工业应用而言，超轻三维 (3D) 蜂窝架构既是挑战也是机遇。通过使用各种材料来应对挑战。因此，石墨烯凭借其独特的化学、热、电子和机械性能，在从结构材料到能量存储/转换设备的应用中显示出最大的潜力。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了最近在基于石墨烯的 3D 蜂窝架构实施方面所做的努力和取得的进展，尤其是在超轻密度区域 (<10 mg·cm−3) 上。第一的，我们分别根据闭孔结构 (CCS) 或开孔结构 (OCS) 的标准，分别审查了用于生成基于石墨烯的 3D 轻量级蜂窝结构的合成方法，无论组成单元之间的单元面是否存在。这些结构差异可能导致识别物理特性，例如跨孔的传质、通过石墨烯框架的热/电子传递以及机械变形的各种模式。然后，我们共同介绍了利用不同类型的细胞结构（例如柔性电子设备、能量存储/转换系统、流体吸收、机械阻尼器和传感器）的代表性应用的最新成就。最后，