Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers constitute the largest portion of all human cancers and represent a significant health burden on modern society. Conventional therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy and surgical resections often fail due to poor treatment response or tumour relapse. Unfortunately, drug discovery for GI cancers has stalled as current cancer models fail to recapitulate critical features of the parent tumour, leading to poor translation from bench to bedside. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) cell culturing techniques have driven the surge of interest in stem cell-derived organoid models, a promising platform with a plethora of potential applications due to its ability to retain crucial architectural, genomic and transcriptional properties of the native tissue. In this review article, we discuss current applications and advantages of organoid models in the translational research of GI cancers with a particular focus on primary liver cancer that currently lack effective curative treatments.

中文翻译：

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类器官的应用在人类疾病的转化研究中，尤其关注胃肠道癌症。

胃肠道（GI）癌症是所有人类癌症中最大的一部分，对现代社会构成了巨大的健康负担。诸如化学疗法和手术切除之类的常规治疗方法通常由于不良的治疗反应或肿瘤复发而失败。不幸的是，由于目前的癌症模型无法概括母体肿瘤的关键特征，导致胃肠道癌的药物开发陷入停滞，导致从工作台到床边的翻译不佳。三维（3D）细胞培养技术的最新进展推动了对干细胞来源的类器官模型的兴趣激增，这是一个有潜力的平台，由于其保留了重要的结构，基因组和转录特性，因此具有许多潜在的应用前景。天然组织。在这篇评论文章中，