The potential threats of ethidium bromide to laboratory staff have drawn more and more attention. Considering that commercial available substitutes still cannot replace ethidium bromide due to some drawbacks, it can be a better solution by functionalizing directly on ethidium bromide moiety. In this work, ethidium bromide is ameliorated via changing the bromide anion into moieties with more twist structures to prevent the aggregation caused quenching in aggregations, and increase more hydrophobic ability to form nanoparticles in aqueous. The nanoparticles of these probes show negative zeta potential, low toxicity, good photostability, and high sensitivity, both in solution tests and gel electrophoresis experiments. Meanwhile, the weak penetration ability through skin constitutes a dual protection for users. Furthermore, the one step synthesis from commercial available ethidium bromide and the convenient purification also do help to these probes in applications.

中文翻译：

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通过改变阴离子来降低溴化乙锭毒性的新策略：具有出色光学性能，便捷合成和低毒性的新衍生物

溴化乙锭对实验室人员的潜在威胁已引起越来越多的关注。考虑到由于某些缺点，市售替代品仍不能替代溴化乙锭，因此通过直接在溴化乙锭部分上进行官能化可以是更好的解决方案。在这项工作中，通过将溴化物阴离子转变为具有更多扭曲结构的部分来改善溴化乙锭，以防止在聚集物中引起聚集的猝灭，并提高在水溶液中形成纳米颗粒的疏水性。这些探针的纳米粒子在溶液测试和凝胶电泳实验中均显示出负的ζ电势，低毒性，良好的光稳定性和高灵敏度。同时，对皮肤的弱渗透能力为使用者提供双重保护。此外，