Recently, there have been increasing demand for the application of Pickering emulsions in various industries due to its combined advantage in terms of cost, quality and sustainability. This review aims to provide a complete overview of the available methodology for the physical characterization of emulsions that are stabilized by solid particles (known as Pickering emulsion). Current approaches and techniques for the analysis of the formation and properties of the Pickering emulsion were outlined along with the expected results of these methods on the emulsions. Besides, the application of modelling techniques has also been elaborated for the effective characterization of Pickering emulsions. Additionally, approaches to assess the stability of Pickering emulsions against physical deformation such as coalescence and gravitational separation were reviewed. Potential future developments of these characterization techniques were also briefly discussed. This review can act as a guide to researchers to better understand the standard procedures of Pickering emulsion assessment and the advanced methods available to date to study these emulsions, down to the minute details.

中文翻译：

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Pickering乳液的形成，物理性质和稳定性表征技术的最新进展。

近年来，由于其在成本，质量和可持续性方面的综合优势，对在各种行业中使用Pickering乳液的需求不断增长。这篇综述旨在提供对由固体颗粒稳定的乳液（称为Pickering乳液）进行物理表征的可用方法的完整概述。概述了目前用于分析Pickering乳液的形成和性质的方法和技术，以及这些方法对乳液的预期结果。此外，还详细阐述了建模技术的应用，以有效表征Pickering乳液。另外，综述了评估Pickering乳液对物理变形（如聚结和重力分离）稳定性的方法。还简要讨论了这些表征技术的潜在未来发展。这篇综述可以作为研究人员的指南，以更好地了解Pickering乳液评估的标准程序以及迄今为止可用于研究这些乳液的先进方法，直至详尽的细节。