Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved the treatment of several cancers. These drugs increase T-cell activity and the antitumor immune response but also have immune-related adverse effects that can affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These adverse effects have been observed in 7% to 30% of patients treated with ICIs. As the number of diseases treated with ICIs increases, gastroenterologists will see more patients with ICI-induced GI adverse events. We performed a systematic review of the incidence, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and management of the adverse effects of ICIs on the GI tract. Treatment with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 often causes severe enterocolitis, whereas treatment with inhibitors of programmed cell death 1 have less frequent and more diverse adverse effects. Management of patients with GI adverse effects of ICIs should involve first ruling out other disorders, followed by assessment of severity, treatment with corticosteroids, and rapid introduction of infliximab therapy for nonresponders.

中文翻译：

---

免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的小肠结肠炎患者的治疗：系统评价。

免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）改善了几种癌症的治疗。这些药物可增强T细胞活性和抗肿瘤免疫反应，但也具有免疫相关的不良反应，可影响胃肠道（GI）。这些不良反应已在7％至30％的接受ICI治疗的患者中观察到。随着用ICI治疗的疾病数量的增加，肠胃病学家将看到更多患有ICI诱发的胃肠道不良事件的患者。我们对ICI对胃肠道的不良反应的发生率，危险因素，临床表现和不良反应进行了系统评价。抗细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关抗原4的治疗通常会导致严重的小肠结肠炎，而程序性细胞死亡抑制剂1的治疗较少出现频发，且发生的不良反应更为多样。