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The safety and applicability of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides for aircraft disinsection: A systematic review
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease ( IF 12.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-30 , DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101570
Anna M. Pang , Steve Gay , Rajpal Yadav , Carmen Dolea , Corinne Ponce , Raman Velayudhan , Andrea Grout , Jan Fehr , Anita Plenge-Boenig , Patricia Schlagenhauf

Background

Air travel contributes to the global spread of vectors and vector-borne infections. Although WHO provides guidance on methods for disinsection of aircraft, there is currently no harmonized or standardized decision-making process to decide when disinsection of an aircraft should be conducted. It is however compulsory for flights arriving in certain countries. Concerns have been expressed about the usefulness of disinsection for preventing the international spread of vectors and vector-borne diseases via air travel and possible toxicity for passengers and flight crew.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature review using the databases PubMed, Embase, Medline, Scopus and CINAHL to evaluate all research findings about the applicability and safety of chemical-based, aircraft disinsection. Official reports from the WHO were also screened. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. The literature search strategy included “disinsection, airplane/plane/aviation/aircraft” and several other search items including d-phenothrin, permethrin, insecticide. Papers in English, French and German were reviewed. Reports of adverse events attributed to the disinsection of aircraft were also searched. AMP and PS screened all papers of relevance and agreed on a final selection.

Results

Our search resulted in 440 papers of possible relevance. After screening, we included a total of 25 papers in this systematic review. Ten papers reported possible human toxicity and 17 papers addressed the applicability of disinsection and 2 papers addressed both topics. Chemical disinsection at recommended insecticide concentrations was found to be highly effective against a broad range of arthropods. Three papers reported passenger or crew illness possibly associated with insecticide spraying in passenger cabins – one describing a single passenger, the other two papers describing occupational illness of 12 and 33 aircrew members respectively, possibly due to aircraft disinsection. Another paper evaluating exposure of flight attendants to permethrin found higher levels of urinary metabolites in those working in planes that had recently been sprayed but this could not be linked to adverse health outcomes.

Conclusion

Our analysis confirmed that disease vectors are carried on international flights and can pose a threat particularly to island populations and certain airport hub areas. Disinsection with permethrin or d-phenothrin was shown to be highly effective against vectors. Despite several hundred million passenger and crew exposures to chemical disinsection, very few proven cases of toxicity have been reported. There is limited evidence linking exposure to insecticide spraying with negative health impact.



中文翻译:

合成拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂在飞机灭虫中的安全性和适用性:系统综述

背景

航空旅行助长了媒介和媒介传播感染的全球传播。尽管世界卫生组织就飞机的杀虫方法提供了指导,但目前尚无统一或标准化的决策程序来决定何时进行飞机的杀虫。但是,到达某些国家/地区的航班是强制性的。人们对驱虫灭蝇在防止通过空中旅行传播媒介和媒介传播疾病的国际传播以及对旅客和机组人员可能产生毒性方面的作用表示关注。

方法

我们使用PubMed,Embase,Medline,Scopus和CINAHL数据库进行了系统的文献综述,以评估有关基于化学的飞机杀虫剂的适用性和安全性的所有研究结果。还筛选了世界卫生组织的官方报告。该系统评价是根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目(PRISMA)声明进行的。文献检索策略包括“杀虫剂,飞机/飞机/航空/飞机”和其他几个检索项目,包括d-吩草素,氯菊酯,杀虫剂。审查了英文,法文和德文的论文。还搜索了归因于飞机灭虫的不良事件的报告。AMP和PS筛选了所有相关论文,并商定了最终选择。

结果

我们的搜索结果是440篇相关文章。筛选后,我们在此系统评价中共纳入25篇论文。有10篇论文报道了可能的人类毒性,有17篇论文谈到了杀虫剂的适用性,有2篇论文谈到了这两个主题。发现在推荐的杀虫剂浓度下化学杀虫对多种节肢动物具有很高的防治效果。三篇论文报道了可能与乘员舱内喷洒杀虫剂有关的乘客或机组人员疾病–一种描述了一名乘客,另一种描述了分别有12名和33名机组人员的职业病,可能是由于飞机被杀虫所致。

结论

我们的分析证实,疾病传播媒介是在国际航班上进行的,尤其可能对岛屿人口和某些机场枢纽地区构成威胁。氯菊酯或d-吩噻菊酯的杀虫剂对载体非常有效。尽管有几亿乘客和机组人员接触过化学杀虫剂,但很少有经证实的毒性病例报道。很少有证据表明暴露于杀虫剂喷雾会对健康造成负面影响。

更新日期:2020-01-30
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