Frailty is a functional term that describes a decline in physiological functions that leads to dependency, vulnerability to stressors, high risk for adverse health outcomes, increased risk of falls, and increased morbidity and mortality. The central role of inflammation and the cross-talk between frailty and sarcopenia have led to a condition termed physical frailty, in which muscle atrophy is viewed as the biological substratum of physical frailty. Different paradigms of ageing, including "inflamm-ageing", "oxi-inflamm-ageing", and "inflamm-inactivity" reveal inflammation as a common driver of age-related frailty. The key role of inflammation in frailty conditions have led to numerous studies screening for potential inflammatory biomarkers of frailty. This review summarizes the present knowledge of inflammatory biomarkers that are considered promising tools to evaluate frailty. Inflammatory biomarkers for different pathophysiological pathways have been identified, and can be divided into markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, muscle protein turnover and physical inactivity. Described candidate inflammatory biomarkers could support diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic decisions in frail elderly. Furthermore, exercise training and nutritional counselling could be implemented in the standard care of the elderly in order to prevent, delay, or ameliorate frailty and to reduce the levels of blood inflammatory biomarkers. Such tools and decision-making outcomes would improve selection and treatment of the elderly and contribute to the ultimate goal - healthy ageing.

中文翻译：

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脆弱的炎症生物标志物。

虚弱是一个功能性术语，描述了生理功能下降，导致依赖性，对压力的脆弱性，不良健康后果的高风险，跌倒的风险增加以及发病率和死亡率增加。炎症的中心作用以及脆弱与肌肉减少症之间的相互影响导致了一种称为身体虚弱的疾病，其中肌肉萎缩被视为身体虚弱的生物学基础。衰老的不同范例包括“炎症-衰老”，“ oxi-炎症-衰老”和“炎症-非活性”，揭示了炎症是衰老相关的常见驱动因素。炎症在脆弱状态中的关键作用已导致许多研究筛选了脆弱的潜在炎症生物标志物。这篇综述总结了炎症生物标志物的当前知识，这些知识被认为是评估脆弱性的有前途的工具。已经确定了用于不同病理生理途径的炎症生物标志物，并且可以将其分为炎症，氧化应激，肌肉蛋白更新和身体不活动的标志物。描述的候选炎症生物标记物可以支持体弱的老年人的诊断，预后和治疗决策。此外，可以在老年人的标准护理中进行运动训练和营养咨询，以防止，延迟或缓解体弱，并降低血液炎症生物标志物的水平。这些工具和决策结果将改善老年人的选择和治疗，并为最终目标-健康老龄化做出贡献。