OBJECTIVES Several interventions have been proposed to improve medication adherence including those using reminders. The performance of reminders, including effectiveness and side effects, varies widely in different settings. We must study this for improving decision making on how, when, and where to use what type of reminders. METHODS Analytical modeling is an effective and low-cost method to derive preliminary or intermediate results and insights for further study of interventions for medication adherence. We developed an analytical model that can be used to evaluate the performance of reminders in various settings, including effectiveness, side effects, and healthcare cost savings for medication adherence. RESULTS Context-aware reminders perform better than simple reminders for willing patients even when they completely rely on reminders for taking their doses. Simple reminders lead to more side effects than context-aware reminders. Further, context-aware reminders generate more healthcare savings without side effects and a comparable cost of the intervention. The results contribute to an improved understanding of reminders and are used to derive a set of guidelines for patients, healthcare professionals, decision-makers, and mobile app developers. CONCLUSIONS The proposed model is a low cost and effective tool to derive results and insights for the use of reminders in different settings to improve medication adherence. Therefore, the model can be utilized as a decision-making tool for deciding whether to pursue an RCT on healthcare interventions. The analytical model can be extended for complex scenarios of multiple interdependent medications, adaptation with patients' condition and behavior, and composite interventions.

中文翻译：

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评估药物依从性提醒的分析模型。

目的提出了几种干预措施，包括使用提醒措施，以改善药物依从性。提醒的效果（包括有效性和副作用）在不同的环境中差异很大。我们必须对此进行研究，以改进有关如何，何时以及在何处使用哪种类型的提醒的决策。方法分析模型是获得初步或中间结果和见解的有效且低成本的方法，可用于进一步研究药物依从性干预措施。我们开发了一种分析模型，可用于评估各种情况下提醒的效果，包括有效性，副作用和药物依从性节省的医疗费用。结果对于情愿的患者，情境感知提醒比简单提醒的效果要好，即使他们完全依靠提醒来服药。与上下文感知的提醒相比，简单的提醒会带来更多的副作用。此外，情境感知提醒可以节省更多的医疗费用，而不会产生副作用和相当的干预成本。结果有助于增进对提醒的理解，并用于为患者，医疗保健专业人员，决策者和移动应用程序开发人员制定一套指南。结论所提出的模型是一种低成本且有效的工具，可用于在不同环境中使用提醒来改善药物依从性，从而得出结果和见解。因此，该模型可以用作决策工具，以决定是否对医疗干预措施进行随机对照试验。