Little is known about the brain's functional organization during resting-state in children with Tourette syndrome (TS). We aimed to investigate this with a specific focus on the role of comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We applied graph theoretical analysis to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 109 8-to-12-year-old children with TS (n = 46), ADHD without tics (n = 23), and healthy controls (n = 40). First, we compared these three groups, and in a second comparison four groups, distinguishing TS with (TS + ADHD, n = 19) and without comorbid ADHD (TS-ADHD, n = 27). Weighted brain graphs were constructed for both comparisons to investigate global efficiency, local efficiency, and clustering coefficient per acquired network. Local efficiency and clustering coefficient were significantly lower in children with TS-ADHD in the default mode network compared with healthy controls, and in the frontoparietal network compared with ADHD; we also found associations with higher tic severity. Our study supports a different functional brain network organization in children with TS-ADHD, compared with healthy controls and children with ADHD.

中文翻译：

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图论综合征儿童静息状态功能连通性的图论研究。

关于图雷特综合症（TS）患儿在静息状态下大脑的功能组织知之甚少。我们旨在对此进行调查，特别关注共病注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的作用。我们将图论分析应用于109名TS（n = 46），无抽动的ADHD（n = 23）和健康对照（n = 40）的8至12岁儿童的静止状态功能磁共振成像数据）。首先，我们比较了这三组，然后在第二次比较中比较了四组，将TS分为（TS + ADHD，n = 19）和无共病ADHD（TS-ADHD，n = 27）。构建了两个比较的加权大脑图，以研究全局效率，局部效率和每个获取的网络的聚类系数。与健康对照组相比，默认模式网络中TS-ADHD患儿的局部效率和聚类系数显着低于健康对照组，而额叶前额网络患儿的局部效率和聚类系数则比ADHD低；我们还发现抽动严重程度较高。与健康对照组和ADHD儿童相比，我们的研究支持TS-ADHD儿童的不同功能性大脑网络组织。