Application of ice cold energy storage (ICES) is for reducing power consumption in air-conditioning systems. ICES systems have two full and partial operating modes. Partial operating mode of ICES system is modeled here at two demand limiting (POM-DL) and load leveling (POM-LL) conditions. After energy, exergy, and economic and environmental modeling/analysis of POM-DL and POM-LL, multi-objective (exergy and total cost) genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique is applied to find the optimum values of objective functions and system design parameters. Then, the performance of POM-DL and POM-LL systems is compared. For our case study, the acquired results show 11.20% and 10.94% reduction in electricity consumption for POM-DL and POM-LL systems, respectively, in comparison with that for a traditional VCR (an electrical chiller). Furthermore, these systems reduce 13.58% and 12.36% electricity cost by shifting the electricity consumption of cooling system from on peak (ONP) hours to off peak (OFP) hours for POM-DL and POM-LL, respectively.

中文翻译：

---

空调系统冰冷储能（ICES）的需求限制和负载均衡运行模式比较

冰冷储能（ICES）的应用是为了降低空调系统的功耗。ICES 系统有两种完全和部分操作模式。此处对 ICES 系统的部分操作模式在两个需求限制 (POM-DL) 和负载均衡 (POM-LL) 条件下进行建模。在对 POM-DL 和 POM-LL 进行能源、火用、经济和环境建模/分析后，应用多目标（火用和总成本）遗传算法 (GA) 优化技术来寻找目标函数和系统设计的最佳值参数。然后，比较 POM-DL 和 POM-LL 系统的性能。在我们的案例研究中，获得的结果显示，与传统 VCR（电冷水机）相比，POM-DL 和 POM-LL 系统的耗电量分别降低了 11.20% 和 10.94%。此外，