The proximity of the endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) transducer to the pancreas and the possibility to place needles or other accessories into a target located adjacent to the wall of the GI tract have encouraged researchers to develop various EUS‐guided local treatments directed towards pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs). The use of pre‐operative EUS‐guided tattooing or fiducial marker placement to facilitate intraoperative tumor localization has proven effective in reducing operative time of laparoscopic surgeries. To reduce the mortality and morbidity rates of surgical resection, which is presently the mainstay treatment of PanNENs. EUS‐guided loco‐regional treatments, such as injection of alcohol and radiofrequency ablation have been proposed and results are hitherto promising. The present paper summarizes currently available data in the field of EUS‐guided interventions to pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, as well as possible future applications.

中文翻译：

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介入性内镜超声治疗胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤

内窥镜超声 (EUS) 换能器与胰腺的接近度以及将针头或其他附件放置到位于胃肠道壁附近的目标的可能性鼓励研究人员开发各种针对胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的 EUS 引导的局部治疗（PanNEN）。使用术前 EUS 引导的纹身或基准标记放置来促进术中肿瘤定位已被证明可有效减少腹腔镜手术的手术时间。降低手术切除的死亡率和发病率，这是目前 PanNEN 的主要治疗方法。已经提出了 EUS 引导的局部区域治疗，例如注射酒精和射频消融，并且迄今为止结果很有希望。