BACKGROUND Unhealthy food environments contribute to the rising rates of obesity and diet-related diseases. To improve the Canadian nutritional landscape, Health Canada launched the Healthy Eating Strategy in October 2016 which involved several initiatives including the restriction of unhealthy food marketing to children, the reduction of sodium in the food supply and the introduction of front-of-package labelling. Subsequently, various stakeholders engaged in discussions with Health Canada. This study sought to describe the interactions between Health Canada and industry and non-industry stakeholders and to identify the strategies used by industry to influence food and nutrition policy in Canada. METHODS Documents such as correspondences and presentations exchanged in interactions between Health Canada and stakeholders regarding the Healthy Eating Strategy were obtained from Health Canada's Openness and Transparency website. The participating stakeholders of each interaction and the topics discussed were determined and described quantitatively. A directed content analysis was then conducted to identify the strategies employed by industry to influence policy. This was guided by a previously developed coding framework that was adapted during analysis. RESULTS A total of 208 interactions concerning the Healthy Eating Strategy occurred between October 2016 and June 2018. Of the interactions for which documents were received (n = 202), 56% involved industry stakeholders, 42% involved non-industry stakeholders and 2% involved both. Industry stakeholders were more likely to initiate interactions with Health Canada (94% of their interactions) than non-industry stakeholders (49%). Front-of-package labelling was the most frequently discussed topic by industry stakeholders (discussed in 49% interactions involving industry) while non-industry stakeholders most frequently discussed the Healthy Eating Strategy as a whole (discussed in 37% of interactions involving non-industry). A wide variety of strategies were used by industry in their attempts to influence policy. Those most frequently identified included: "framing the debate on diet- and public health-related issues", "promoting deregulation", "shaping the evidence base", "stressing the economic importance of industry", and "developing and promoting alternatives to proposed policies". CONCLUSION Industry stakeholders are highly active in their attempts to influence Canadian nutritional policies. Policymakers and public health advocates should be aware of these strategies so that balanced and effective food and nutrition policies can be developed.

中文翻译：

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加拿大食品和饮料行业用来影响食品和营养政策的策略。

背景技术不健康的食物环境导致肥胖症和饮食相关疾病的发病率上升。为了改善加拿大的营养状况，加拿大卫生部于2016年10月启动了“健康饮食战略”，其中包括多项举措，包括限制向儿童销售不健康食品，减少食品供应中的钠含量以及引入包装前标签。随后，各种利益相关者与加拿大卫生部进行了讨论。这项研究旨在描述加拿大卫生部与行业和非行业利益相关者之间的互动关系，并确定行业用来影响加拿大食品和营养政策的策略。方法加拿大卫生部与利益相关方之间就健康饮食策略进行互动时交换的信件和陈述等文件，是从加拿大卫生部的开放性和透明度网站获得的。每次互动的参与利益相关者和讨论的主题均已确定并定量描述。然后进行了有针对性的内容分析，以确定行业采用的影响政策的策略。这是由先前开发的编码框架指导的，该框架在分析过程中进行了调整。结果2016年10月至2018年6月之间共进行了208次有关健康饮食策略的互动。在已收到文档的互动（n = 202）中，行业利益相关者占56％，非行业利益相关者占42％，非行业利益相关者占2％。都。与非行业利益相关者（49％）相比，行业利益相关者更可能发起与加拿大卫生部的互动（占互动的94％）。包装前标签是行业利益相关者最常讨论的话题（在涉及行业的49％互动中讨论），而非行业利益相关者最常讨论整个饮食策略（在涉及非行业的37％互动中讨论） ）。工业界尝试使用各种各样的策略来影响政策。经常被发现的问题包括：“围绕饮食和公共卫生相关问题进行辩论”，“促进放松管制”，“塑造证据基础”，“强调工业的经济重要性”和“