Abstract We examined the insecticidal effect of lyophilized epicuticular material of the ruderal species Dittrichia viscosa in four major stored-product beetle species. Furthermore, the potential of this material in progeny production suppression was also evaluated. The water-soluble extract was derived from plants that had been harvested in September 2016, through freeze-drying, in order to create a fine powder formulation. In our bioassays, the powder was applied in four doses on wheat: 0 (control), 1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm and mortality of the exposed individuals was measured after 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of exposure, while progeny production capacity was recorded 65 days later. Among the species tested, Oryzaephilus surinamensis was found to be the most susceptible, followed by Tribolium confusum and Sitophilus oryzae, while Rhyzopertha dominica was not practically affected. Progeny production was particularly reduced for all species relative to the controls. Indicatively, for O. surinamensis, at the highest dose rate, there were only 0.2 adults per vial, while the respective figures for the control exceeded 40 adults per vial. To our knowledge, this study is the first that examined the insecticidal effect of epicuticular material of D. viscosa for the control of stored-grain insect species. Additional experimentation is required to indicate the rationale of using this natural resource-based material under a non-chemical control strategy at the post-harvest stages of agricultural commodities.

中文翻译：

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Dittrichia viscosa 冻干表皮材料对小麦四种主要储藏甲虫的杀虫效果

摘要 我们研究了冻干的粘虫 Dittrichia viscosa 冻干表皮材料对四种主要贮藏甲虫物种的杀虫效果。此外，还评估了这种材料在抑制后代生产方面的潜力。水溶性提取物来自于 2016 年 9 月收获的植物，通过冷冻干燥，以制成细粉配方。在我们的生物测定中，粉末以四种剂量应用于小麦：0（对照）、1000、3000 和 5000 ppm，并在暴露 1、3、7、14 和 21 天后测量暴露个体的死亡率，而后代产生65 天后记录容量。在测试的物种中，发现 Oryzaephilus surinamensis 最易感，其次是 Tribolium confusum 和 Sitophilus oryzae，而 Rhyzopertha dominica 实际上并未受到影响。与对照相比，所有物种的后代产量都特别低。指示性地，对于 O. surinamensis，在最高剂量率下，每瓶只有 0.2 个成虫，而对照的相应数字超过每瓶 40 个成虫。据我们所知，这项研究是第一个检查 D. viscosa 表皮材料对储粮昆虫物种的控制的杀虫效果。需要额外的实验来说明在农产品收获后阶段在非化学控制策略下使用这种基于自然资源的材料的基本原理。在最高剂量率下，每瓶只有 0.2 个成人，而对照的相应数字超过每瓶 40 个成人。据我们所知，这项研究是第一个检查 D. viscosa 表皮材料对储粮昆虫物种的控制的杀虫效果。需要额外的实验来说明在农产品收获后阶段在非化学控制策略下使用这种基于自然资源的材料的基本原理。在最高剂量率下，每瓶只有 0.2 个成人，而对照的相应数字超过每瓶 40 个成人。据我们所知，这项研究是第一个检查 D. viscosa 表皮材料对储粮昆虫物种的控制的杀虫效果。需要额外的实验来说明在农产品收获后阶段在非化学控制策略下使用这种基于自然资源的材料的基本原理。