This study aimed to analyze the botanical origin, quality parameters, phenolic compounds, and minerals of 20 honey samples from Caramulo region (Portugal). Six samples were monofloral from Eucalyptus sp., being this one the predominant pollen in the analyzed samples, followed by Castanea sativa. The average values obtained for the physicochemical parameters were as follows: 4.7 pH; 16.8% moisture; 81.4 Brix; 0.3% ash; 512.8 µS/cm electrical conductivity; 22.6 meq/kg free acidity; 12.4 meq/kg lactonic acidity; 35.1 meq/kg total acidity; 2.1 mg/kg hydroxymethylfurfural; and 16.3 °Gothe for diastase activities. A total of 18 phenolics were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and protocatechuic acid were the major ones. Nine minerals were detected by atomic absorption spectrometry; potassium and phosphorus were the predominant mineral elements. This is the first study about honeys from Caramulo region, which revealed to have a good quality and be a rich source of essential minerals and phenolics. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The interest in the analysis of honey has increased significantly in recent years, concerning its characterization, safety implications, and health impact. Given these facts, the authentication of honeys, based on the geographical and botanical origins, has been assuming great importance, being mainly associated with high-quality honeys. Therefore, we decided to analyze physicochemical parameters, phenolic composition, and mineral content of 20 Caramulo honey samples. Our results indicate that Caramulo honeys possess high-quality levels, good freshness, maturity, and proper processing, and are also rich in several bioactive substances with health-promoting properties, including phenolic compounds, potassium, and phosphorus.

中文翻译：

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来自 Caramulo 地区（葡萄牙）的蜂蜜认证：花粉光谱、理化特性、矿物质含量和酚类成分

本研究旨在分析来自 Caramulo 地区（葡萄牙）的 20 个蜂蜜样品的植物来源、质量参数、酚类化合物和矿物质。六个样品是来自桉树属的单植物花粉，这是分析样品中的主要花粉之一，其次是栗树。获得的物理化学参数的平均值如下：4.7 pH；16.8% 水分；81.4 糖度；0.3% 灰分；512.8 µS/cm 电导率；22.6 meq/kg 游离酸度；12.4 meq/kg 内酯酸度；35.1 meq/kg 总酸度；2.1 mg/kg 羟甲基糠醛；淀粉酶活性为 16.3 °Gothe。高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器共测定了18种酚类物质。羟基肉桂酸衍生物和原儿茶酸是主要的衍生物。原子吸收光谱法检测出9种矿物；钾和磷是主要的矿物元素。这是关于 Caramulo 地区蜂蜜的第一项研究，该研究表明蜂蜜品质优良，富含必需矿物质和酚类物质。实际应用：近年来，人们对蜂蜜分析的兴趣在其表征、安全影响和健康影响方面显着增加。鉴于这些事实，基于地理和植物来源的蜂蜜认证具有重要意义，主要与优质蜂蜜有关。因此，我们决定分析 20 个 Caramulo 蜂蜜样品的理化参数、酚类成分和矿物质含量。我们的结果表明，Caramulo 蜂蜜具有高品质、良好的新鲜度、成熟度和适当的加工，