To date, numerous biosensing platforms have been developed for assessing drug-induced cardiac toxicity by measuring the change in contractile force of cardiomyocytes. However, these low sensitivity, low-throughput, and time-consuming processes are severely limited in their real-time applications. Here, we propose a cantilever device integrated with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-encapsulated crack sensor to measure cardiac contractility. The crack sensor is chemically bonded to a PDMS thin layer that allows it to be operated very stably in culture media. The reliability of the proposed crack sensor has been improved dramatically compared to no encapsulation layer. The highly sensitive crack sensor continuously measures the cardiac contractility without changing its gauge factor for up to 26 days (>5 million heartbeats), while changes in contractile force induced by drugs are monitored using the crack sensor-integrated cantilever. Finally, experimental results are compared with those obtained via conventional optical methods to verify the feasibility of building a contraction-based drug-toxicity testing system.

中文翻译：

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高度耐用的裂纹传感器与硅橡胶悬臂集成在一起，可测量心脏收缩力。

迄今为止，已经开发了许多生物传感平台，用于通过测量心肌细胞收缩力的变化来评估药物诱导的心脏毒性。但是，这些低灵敏度，低吞吐量和费时的过程在其实时应用中受到严重限制。在这里，我们提出了一个悬臂装置与聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）封装的裂缝传感器集成在一起，以测量心脏的收缩力。裂纹传感器化学键合到PDMS薄层上，使其可以在培养基中非常稳定地运行。与没有封装层相比，提出的裂缝传感器的可靠性得到了显着提高。高度灵敏的裂缝传感器可连续测量心脏收缩力长达26天（> 500万次心跳），而无需更改其测量因子，同时使用裂缝传感器集成的悬臂监控药物引起的收缩力变化。最后，将实验结果与通过常规光学方法获得的结果进行比较，以验证构建基于收缩的药物毒性测试系统的可行性。