Solar-driven water evaporation represents an environmentally benign method of water purification/desalination. However, the efficiency is limited by increased salt concentration and accumulation. Here, we propose an energy reutilizing strategy based on a bio-mimetic 3D structure. The spontaneously formed water film, with thickness inhomogeneity and temperature gradient, fully utilizes the input energy through Marangoni effect and results in localized salt crystallization. Solar-driven water evaporation rate of 2.63 kg m-2 h-1, with energy efficiency of >96% under one sun illumination and under high salinity (25 wt% NaCl), and water collecting rate of 1.72 kg m-2 h-1 are achieved in purifying natural seawater in a closed system. The crystalized salt freely stands on the 3D evaporator and can be easily removed. Additionally, energy efficiency and water evaporation are not influenced by salt accumulation thanks to an expanded water film inside the salt, indicating the potential for sustainable and practical applications.

中文翻译：

---

高效三维太阳能蒸发器，可通过局部结晶实现高盐度脱盐。

太阳驱动的水蒸发代表了水净化/淡化的环保方法。然而，效率受到盐浓度和累积增加的限制。在这里，我们提出了一种基于仿生3D结构的能量重用策略。自发形成的水膜具有厚度不均匀性和温度梯度，可通过Marangoni效应充分利用输入能量，并导致局部盐结晶。太阳能驱动的水蒸发率为2.63 kg m-2 h-1，在一次阳光照射和高盐度（25 wt％NaCl）下，能效> 96％，集水率为1.72 kg m-2 h-1在封闭系统中净化天然海水可达到1个目标。结晶的盐可以自由地停留在3D蒸发器上，并且可以轻松去除。另外，