Recently, establishing lithium-ion battery electrodes (LIBs) with high activity and high mass loading is propitious to high-performance lithium storage. Herein, a facile metal salt-immersion approach followed by sintering treatment is exhibited to prepare porous iron oxides/ hollow tubular carbon cloth (HCC) electrode. An optimal sintering temperature of 700 °C not only creates electrolyte-accessible HCC current collector, but also tunes the surface structure and internal compositions of adherent iron oxides, thereby boosting the lithium-ion diffusion kinetics. This as-prepared integrated electrode delivers a high areal capacity of 5.46 mAh cm^-2 (at 0.2 mA cm^-2). For fully cognizing the advantages of our integrated electrode, we are further devoted to exploring the electrochemical mechanism and physical superposition of multi-layer electrodes. The experimental data demonstrate that, repeated conversion-type reaction could transform Fe₃O₄-FeO hybrid structure into finer Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with rich oxygen vacancy (Vo). The density functional theory (DFT) discloses that, forming Vo sites in Fe₃O₄ structure could significantly upraise electrical conductivity and Li⁺ diffusion, which benefits to stabilizing the electrochemical performance. For both several-fold promoting mass loading and maintaining loading thickness at a finite electrode area, the single-layer, double-layer and triple-layer integrated electrodes are assembled into LIBs, which exhibits high average capacities of 5.33, 9.23 and 11.12 mAh cm^-2. Toward several electronic equipments, the double-layer electrodes exhibit a long endurance time, further validating the superior energy-storage capacity.

近来，建立具有高活性和高质量负载的锂离子电池电极（LIB）有利于高性能锂存储。在本文中，展示了一种容易的金属盐浸渍方法，然后进行烧结处理以制备多孔氧化铁/空心管状碳布（HCC）电极。最佳烧结温度为700°C，不仅可以形成可接触电解液的HCC集电器，而且可以调整粘附的氧化铁的表面结构和内部组成，从而提高锂离子的扩散动力学。这种集成电极可以提供5.46 mAh cm ^-2的高面积容量（0.2 mA cm ^-2时））。为了充分认识我们集成电极的优势，我们进一步致力于探索多层电极的电化学机理和物理叠加。实验数据表明，重复转化型反应可将Fe ₃ O ₄ -FeO杂化结构转变为具有富氧空位（Vo）的更细的Fe ₃ O ₄纳米颗粒。密度泛函理论（DFT）揭示，在Fe ₃ O ₄结构中形成Vo位可以显着提高电导率和Li ⁺扩散，这有利于稳定电化学性能。为了在有限的电极面积上既提高质量负载并保持负载厚度的几倍，将单层，双层和三层集成电极组装到LIB中，LIB的平均容量高，为5.33、9.23和11.12 mAh cm ^-2。对于一些电子设备，双层电极具有很长的续航时间，进一步证明了其优越的储能能力。