Anthropogenic land use and land cover changes (LULCC) have a large impact on the global terrestrial carbon sink, but this effect is not well characterized according to biogeographical region. Here, using state-of-the-art Earth observation data and a dynamic global vegetation model, we estimate the impact of LULCC on the contribution of biomes to the terrestrial carbon sink between 1992 and 2015. Tropical and boreal forests contributed equally, and with the largest share of the mean global terrestrial carbon sink. CO₂ fertilization was found to be the main driver increasing the terrestrial carbon sink from 1992 to 2015, but the net effect of all drivers (CO₂ fertilization and nitrogen deposition, LULCC and meteorological forcing) caused a reduction and an increase, respectively, in the terrestrial carbon sink for tropical and boreal forests. These diverging trends were not observed when applying a conventional LULCC dataset, but were also evident in satellite passive microwave estimates of aboveground biomass. These datasets thereby converge on the conclusion that LULCC have had a greater impact on tropical forests than previously estimated, causing an increase and decrease of the contributions of boreal and tropical forests, respectively, to the growing terrestrial carbon sink.

人为土地利用和土地覆盖变化（LULCC）对全球陆地碳汇有很大影响，但这种影响并没有根据生物地​​理区域很好地表征。在这里，我们使用最先进的地球观测数据和动态全球植被模型，估计了 1992 年至 2015 年间 LULCC 对生物群落对陆地碳汇的贡献的影响。热带和北方森林的贡献相同，并且全球平均陆地碳汇的最大份额。从 1992 年到 2015 年， CO ₂施肥被发现是增加陆地碳汇的主要驱动因素，但所有驱动因素的净效应（CO ₂施肥和氮沉降、LULCC 和气象强迫）分别导致热带和北方森林的陆地碳汇减少和增加。在应用传统的 LULCC 数据集时没有观察到这些不同的趋势，但在卫星无源微波对地上生物量的估计中也很明显。这些数据集由此得出结论，即 LULCC 对热带森林的影响比以前估计的要大，导致北方和热带森林对不断增长的陆地碳汇的贡献分别增加和减少。