Entomological surveillance is one of the tools used in monitoring and controlling vector-borne diseases. However, the use of entomological surveillance for arboviral infection vector control is often dependent on finding infected individuals. Although this method may suffice in highly endemic areas, it is not as effective in controlling the spread of diseases in low endemic and non-endemic areas. In this study, we examined the efficiency of using entomological markers to assess the status and risk of arbovirus infection in Ghana, which is considered a non-endemic country, by combining mosquito surveillance with virus isolation and detection. This study reports the presence of cryptic species of mosquitoes in Ghana, demonstrating the need to combine morphological identification and molecular techniques in mosquito surveillance. Furthermore, although no medically important viruses were detected, the importance of insect-specific viruses in understanding virus evolution and arbovirus transmission is discussed. This study reports the first mutualistic relationship between dengue virus and the double-stranded RNA Aedes aegypti totivirus. Finally, this study discusses the complexity of the virome of Aedes and Culex mosquitoes and its implication for arbovirus transmission.

中文翻译：

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昆虫学评估加纳蚊媒虫媒病毒传播的状况和风险。

昆虫学监视是监视和控制媒介传播疾病的工具之一。但是，使用昆虫学监测技术进行虫媒病毒感染媒介控制通常取决于寻找被感染的个体。尽管这种方法在高流行地区可能就足够了，但在控制低流行和非流行地区的疾病传播方面却不那么有效。在这项研究中，我们通过结合蚊子监测和病毒分离与检测，研究了使用昆虫学标记物评估加纳（被认为是非流行国家）的虫媒病毒感染状况和风险的效率。这项研究报告了加纳蚊子的隐性物种的存在，表明在蚊子监测中需要结合形态学识别和分子技术。此外，尽管没有发现医学上重要的病毒，但讨论了昆虫特异性病毒在理解病毒进化和虫媒病毒传播中的重要性。这项研究报告登革热病毒和埃及伊蚊双链病毒之间的第一个相互关系。最后，本研究讨论了伊蚊和库蚊蚊的病毒的复杂性及其对虫媒病毒传播的影响。