Copper (Cu) is an essential element in the metabolic process of humans and animals, but it can cause toxicity at high concentrations of exposure. Bioflocs has been proved to have antioxidant, immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, the purpose of this study was to evaluate potential mechanisms and protective effects of bioflocs and Cu exposure on inflammatory response, oxidative stress and immune-related genes and protein expression in Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski. 360 healthy R. lagowski were irregularly distributed among 12 tanks (3 tanks per group, 30 fish per tank). The experiment was divided into two parts: the feeding experiment was carried out in the first eight weeks, followed by acute copper exposure for 96 h. Then we selected the stressed fish for experimental analysis. The results provided evidences that bioflocs protected the R. lagowski by inhibiting the accumulation of copper, the activity of immune enzymes and the expression of NF-κB signaling pathway related genes and proteins, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the expression of Nrf2 signaling pathway related genes. Overall, these findings suggest that bioflocs could regulate the activation of Nrf2 and protect acute copper exposure induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in R. lagowski.

中文翻译：

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Bioflocs通过抑制NF-κB和Nrf2信号传导通路来保护铜诱导的炎症反应和氧化应激的Rhynchocypris lagowski Dybowski。

铜是人类和动物代谢过程中必不可少的元素，但在高浓度暴露下会引起毒性。生物絮凝剂已被证明具有抗氧化，增强免疫力和抗发炎的特性。在这里，这项研究的目的是评估生物絮凝剂和铜暴露对发丝藻，拉格夫斯基拉格夫斯基·迪博夫斯基的炎症反应，氧化应激和免疫相关基因以及蛋白质表达的潜在机制和保护作用。360健康的拉格夫斯基不规则分布在12个水箱中（每组3个水箱，每个水箱30条鱼）。实验分为两部分：在前八周进行喂养实验，然后急性铜暴露96小时。然后，我们选择了应力鱼进行实验分析。结果提供了生物絮凝物通过抑制铜的积累，免疫酶的活性以及NF-κB信号通路相关基因和蛋白质的表达以及抗氧化酶的活性和Nrf2信号通路的表达来保护拉格夫斯基菌的证据。相关基因。总体而言，这些发现表明生物絮凝剂可以通过抑制拉格夫斯基菌中的NF-κB信号通路来调节Nrf2的活化并保护急性铜暴露诱导的炎症反应。