Radiation exposure is among the few factors known to be associated with risk of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. However, the patterns of radiation risk by histological type, sex or age are unclear. We evaluated radiation risks of first primary glioma, meningioma, schwannoma, and other or not otherwise specified (other/NOS) tumors in the Life Span Study cohort of atomic bomb survivors. Cases diagnosed between 1958 and 2009 were ascertained through population-based cancer registries in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. To estimate excess relative risk per Gy (ERR/Gy), we fit rate models using Poisson regression methods. There were 285 CNS tumors (67 gliomas, 107 meningiomas, 49 schwannomas, and 64 other/NOS tumors) among 105,444 individuals with radiation dose estimates to the brain contributing 3.1 million person-years of observation. Based on a simple linear model without effect modification, ERR/Gy was 1.67 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.12 to 5.26) for glioma, 1.82 (95% CI: 0.51 to 4.30) for meningioma, 1.45 (95% CI: − 0.01 to 4.97) for schwannoma, and 1.40 (95% CI: 0.61 to 2.57) for all CNS tumors as a group. For each tumor type, the dose–response was consistent with linearity and appeared to be stronger among males than among females, particularly for meningioma (P = 0.045). There was also evidence that the ERR/Gy for schwannoma decreased with attained age (P = 0.002). More than 60 years after the bombings, radiation risks for CNS tumors continue to be elevated. Further follow-up is necessary to characterize the lifetime risks of specific CNS tumors following radiation exposure.

辐射暴露是已知与中枢神经系统 (CNS) 肿瘤风险相关的少数因素之一。然而，按组织学类型、性别或年龄划分的辐射风险模式尚不清楚。我们评估了原子弹幸存者寿命研究队列中首个原发性神经胶质瘤、脑膜瘤、神经鞘瘤和其他或未另行指定的（其他/NOS）肿瘤的辐射风险。1958 年至 2009 年间诊断的病例是通过广岛和长崎的人口癌症登记处确定的。为了估计每 Gy 的超额相对风险 (ERR/Gy)，我们使用泊松回归方法拟合速率模型。在 105,444 名个体中，有 285 例中枢神经系统肿瘤（67 例神经胶质瘤、107 例脑膜瘤、49 例神经鞘瘤和 64 例其他/NOS 肿瘤），对大脑辐射剂量进行了估计，贡献了 310 万人年的观察。基于未经效应修改的简单线性模型，神经胶质瘤的 ERR/Gy 为 1.67（95% 置信区间，CI：0.12 至 5.26），脑膜瘤为 1.82（95% CI：0.51 至 4.30），脑膜瘤为 1.45（95% CI：−神经鞘瘤为 0.01 至 4.97），所有 CNS 肿瘤为 1.40（95% CI：0.61 至 2.57）。对于每种肿瘤类型，剂量反应均呈线性，并且男性似乎比女性更强，尤其是脑膜瘤。P  = 0.045）。还有证据表明神经鞘瘤的 ERR/Gy 随着年龄的增长而降低（P  = 0.002）。爆炸事件发生 60 多年后，中枢神经系统肿瘤的辐射风险持续升高。有必要进行进一步的随访，以确定辐射暴露后特定中枢神经系统肿瘤的终生风险。