Lipids play important roles in growth, reproduction, locomotion, and migration of fish. Municipal effluents, which are complex mixtures of biological and chemical compounds including flame retardants, have been shown to alter lipid metabletabolism in environmentally and experimentally exposed fish. Down-regulation of several genes coding for fatty acid metabolism enzymes has previously been reported in male northern pike (Esox lucius) collected in the St. Lawrence River (QC, Canada) downstream of a major primary wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) point of discharge. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of exposure to the Montreal's WWTP effluent on the lipidomic profile (i.e., fatty acids, acylcarnitines, and phospholipids) as well as the transcription of genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of northern pike collected upstream and downstream of this WWTP effluent. Halogenated flame retardant concentrations were also determined in pike liver and used as markers of exposure to this effluent. Greater concentrations of saturated and monounsaturated lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) and lower concentrations of polyunsaturated LPCs were determined in the liver of pike collected downstream of the WWTP compared to those collected upstream. Lower mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparα), a major regulator of lipid metabolism, were also measured in pike exposed to Montreal's WWTP effluent. In addition, the relative contributions (%) of LPC 18:2 and LPC14:0, compounds used as markers of obesity and inflammation, were significantly correlated with halogenated flame retardant concentrations and fish girth. Results of the present study suggest that chronic environmental exposure to a primary WWTP effluent can modulate the transcription of genes related to lipid metabolism, and hence affect the hepatic phospholipid composition of pike from the St. Lawrence River.

中文翻译：

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北部派克鱼对主要废水的环境暴露：对脂质组学和脂质代谢的影响。

脂质在鱼类的生长，繁殖，运动和迁移中起着重要作用。市政污水是包括阻燃剂在内的生物和化学化合物的复杂混合物，已显示能改变环境和实验暴露鱼类的脂质代谢。先前已经报道了在主要主要废水处理厂（WWTP）排放点下游的圣劳伦斯河（加拿大魁北克省）收集的雄性北部派克（Esox lucius）中编码脂肪酸代谢酶的几个基因的下调。 。这项研究的主要目的是调查暴露于蒙特利尔污水处理厂废水对脂质组学特征（即脂肪酸，酰基肉碱，和磷脂），以及在该污水处理厂废水上游和下游收集的北部派克肝脏中与脂质代谢相关的基因的转录。还测定了派克肝中卤代阻燃剂的浓度，并将其用作暴露于该废水的标志物。与在上游收集的派克相比，在污水处理厂下游收集的派克肝脏中确定了较高浓度的饱和和单不饱和溶血磷脂酰胆碱（LPC）和较低浓度的多不饱和LPC。在暴露于蒙特利尔污水处理厂废水中的派克中，过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α（pparα）（脂质代谢的主要调节剂）的mRNA水平也降低了。另外，LPC 18：2和LPC14：0（用作肥胖和炎症标志物的化合物）的相对贡献（％），与卤代阻燃剂浓度和鱼肚显着相关。本研究的结果表明，长期暴露于主要的污水处理厂废水中可以调节与脂质代谢相关的基因的转录，从而影响圣劳伦斯河派克的肝磷脂成分。